天问一号着陆器大底分离安全性分析与验证  

Analysis and Validation of Heatshield Separation Safety forTianwen-1 Lander

作　　者：陈正 崔祜涛[1] 田阳[1] 饶炜[2] 董捷[2] CHEN Zheng;CUI Hu-tao;TIAN Yang;RAO Wei;DONG Jie(Deep Space Exploration Research Center,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学深空探测基础研究中心,哈尔滨150001 [2]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094

出　　处：《宇航学报》2022年第1期81-90,共10页Journal of Astronautics

基　　金：民用航天预先研究项目;国家自然科学基金(U20B2001)。

摘　　要：针对天问一号着陆器大底分离过程,建立大底分离动力学模型并分析分离安全性,基于分析结果设计了大底分离策略。利用大底分离动力学模型和近距离扰动气动模型,分析了分离过程的相对速度和姿态运动规律,根据大底与着陆器的正分离要求确定了大底分离的最小弹射速度。考虑到着陆器姿态运动影响分离安全性,对着陆器施加角速度阻尼控制并限制了最短控制时间。在此基础上结合安全分离判据确定了大底分离触发的可用马赫数和可用时间,设计了累积速度作为触发条件并施加了时间约束。伞降过程蒙特卡洛仿真结果表明,在天问一号着陆器的系统参数和大底分离触发策略下,大底分离有足够的安全性,天问一号的飞行结果验证了这一点。Aiming at heatshield separation for Tianwen-1 lander,the separation dynamics are modeled and used to analyze the safety of heatshield separation,followed by the design of the heatshield separation trigger.Based on the heatshield separation dynamics model and the close proximity aerodynamics model,the relative velocity and attitude motion are analyzed.Then the minimum ejection velocity for heatshield separation is determined according to the positive separation requirement of the heatshield.Considering that the lander attitude motion affects the separation safety,angular rate damping with a minimum time limit is applied to the lander before separation.The available Mach number and available time for heatshield separation trigger are analyzed further in terms of the criteria for successful separation,leading to the trigger designed as accumulated velocity with a time constraint.The Monte Carlo simulation of the parachute descent for Tianwen-1 lander is carried out,and the simulation results show that the heatshield separation is safe enough,which is verified by the flight results of Tianwen-1.

关 键 词：天问一号着陆器 防热大底分离 安全性分析 大底分离触发策略 

分 类 号：V412.41[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]