粉垄与覆膜对宁南旱区土壤物理性状及马铃薯产量的影响  

Effects of deep vertically rotary tillage and film mulching on soil physical properties and potato yield in the arid area of Southern Ningxia

作　　者：张邦彦 何文寿[1] 李惠霞[1] 陈彦云[3] 何进宇[2] ZHANG Bangyan;HE Wenshou;LI Huixia;Chen Yanyun;HE jinyu(College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China;School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China;School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,宁夏银川750021 [3]宁夏大学生命科学学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2022年第2期27-37,共11页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区青年科技人才托举工程项目(TJGC2018058);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2018BFF02002);宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金(2021AAC03112);宁夏大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2021107490455)。

摘　　要：于2018—2019年在西吉县新营乡白城村进行了田间试验,设置耕作与覆膜二因素裂区试验,主区为耕作方式,设置传统旋耕20 cm(CT)和粉垄耕作30 cm(FL30)、45 cm(FL45)、60 cm(FL60)等4个耕作处理;副区为地膜覆盖,设置不覆膜(NM)和覆黑膜(BM)。测试了土壤的物理性状与马铃薯产量,研究了粉垄与覆膜对土壤物理性状及马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明:与传统耕作相比,粉垄可有效降低耕层土壤容重,改善土壤孔隙状况,其中以粉垄45 cm处理效果较优,粉垄45 cm处理0~60 cm平均土壤容重和孔隙度分别较传统耕作显著降低和提高了5.70%、5.28%。与传统耕作相比,粉垄可使0~60 cm土层>0.25 mm机械稳定性团聚体数量显著增加4.95%。粉垄、覆膜及二者交互作用对马铃薯关键生育期土壤贮水量影响显著,其中粉垄60 cm覆膜处理较传统耕作不覆膜处理显著提高22.26%。在所有处理组合中,粉垄45 cm覆膜处理的马铃薯总产量、商品薯率最高,分别较传统耕作不覆膜处理提高69.69%和15.15%。因此,粉垄覆膜方式显著改善了旱地土壤物理性质,有利于蓄水保墒,对马铃薯生长有利,以粉垄45 cm覆膜处理的增产和提高水分效果最佳。Field trials were carried out in Baicheng Village,Xinying Township,Xiji County in 2018 and 2019 with two-factor split zone design experiment of film mulching.The main area had four tillage treatments of conventional rotary tillage to 20 cm depth(CT)as a control,deep vertically rotary tillage to 30 cm(FL30),45 cm(FL45),and 60 cm(FL60)depths,and the secondary area was set for two treatments of black film(BM)and without film(NM).The soil physical properties and potato yield were measured,and the influence of deep vertically rotary tillage and film mulching on soil physical properties and potato yield was studied.The results showed that,compared with traditional tillage,deep vertically rotary tillage effectively reduced the soil bulk density of the plough layer and improved the soil porosity.Among them,the effect of deep vertically rotary tillage to 45 cm treatment was better,and the average soil bulk density and porosity of 0~60 cm in the deep vertically rotary tillage to 45 cm treatment were significantly reduced the soil bulk density by 5.70%and increased the soil porosity by 5.28%,respectively,compared with traditional farming.Compared with traditional farming,deep vertically rotary tillage significantly increased the number of aggregates with mechanical stability of 0~60 cm soil layer>0.25 mm by 4.95%.The deep vertically rotary tillage,film mulching and the interaction of the two had significant effects on soil water storage during the key growth period of potato.The deep vertically rotary tillage to 60 cm mulching treatment significantly increased by 22.26%compared with the traditional farming without film mulching treatment.Among all treatment combinations,the total potato yield and the rate of commercial potatoes were the highest in deep vertically rotary tillage to 45 cm mulching treatment,which was 69.69%and 15.15%higher than that of the traditional farming without mulching.Improving the physical properties of dry land soil with the deep vertically rotary tillage and film mulching treatment was beneficial t

关 键 词：马铃薯 粉垄 覆膜 土壤物理性状 产量 宁南旱区 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学] S34