工程类硕士生实践能力培养中的典型矛盾及策略  

Typical Contraditions and Countermeasures in the Cultivation of Practical Ability of Master Students of Engineering

作　　者：高耀 王莉莉 GAO Yao;WANG Lili(School of Education,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学教育学院,天津300350

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期159-167,共9页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics：Social Sciences edition Edition

基　　金：天津市教委社会科学重大项目(2019JWZD06);天津大学自主创新基金项目(2021XSC-0126)。

摘　　要：实践能力培养是提高工程类硕士生培养质量,实现工程类硕士生教育高质量内涵式发展的重要内容之一,但长期以来,实践能力培养一直是中国工程类硕士生培养过程中的薄弱环节。通过研究发现,工程类硕士生实践能力培养中面临着四重典型矛盾:一是知识的实践性、情境性要求与课程教学的学术化、理论化倾向之间的矛盾;二是专业实践的内涵式发展要求与表象化培养结果之间的矛盾;三是双导师制的理想化培养模式与形式化实施过程之间的矛盾;四是学位论文的应用导向与学术化评价标准之间的矛盾。实践能力的培养具有过程性和系统性的特征,其改进路径需要从人才培养的全过程着眼,统筹整合课程教学、专业实践、学位论文和导师指导四个基本要素,寻求困境突围。Cultivation of students’practical ability is one of the important contents of improving the overall quality of master students and realizing the high-quality connotative development of graduate education,but it has been a low priority in the process of cultivation of master students of engineering in China for a long time.The study found that there are four typical contradictions in this cultivation process:the contradiction between the practicality and contextuality of knowledge and academic and theoretical nature of curriculum teaching;the contradiction between the requirements of connotative development and the results of representational training of the graduate students’professional practice;the contradiction between the ideal mode and the formal implementation of the dual tutorial system,and the contradiction between the application orientation of the theses and the academic evaluation standard.The cultivation of master students’practical ability has the characteristics of being procedural and systematic,and its improvement needs to focus on the entire process of talent cultivation,and coordinate and integrate the four basic elements of curriculum teaching,professional practice,theses’writing and supervisors’guidance to achieve breakthroughs in difficult situations.

关 键 词：工程类硕士生 实践能力培养 典型矛盾 学术评价标准 双导师制 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]