双官能团纤维修饰电极制备及对高盐水体中铀的高效提取研究  

Preparation of bifunctional fiber modified electrode and efficient extraction of uranium from high salinity water

作　　者：聂小琴[1,2] 董发勤[1,2] 何辉超[3] 何平[3] 程艳霞 杨卓 Nie Xiaoqin;Dong Faqin;He Huichao;He Ping;Cheng Yanxia;Yang Zhuo(Fundamental Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang Sichuan 621010,China;Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle,Ministry of Education,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang Sichuan 621010,China;School of Material Science and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang Sichuan 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学核废物与环境安全国防重点学科实验室,四川绵阳621010 [2]西南科技大学固体废物处理与资源化教育部重点实验室,四川绵阳621010 [3]西南科技大学材料科学与工程学院,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《化工矿物与加工》2022年第3期1-8,共8页Industrial Minerals & Processing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41877323)。

摘　　要：以聚丙烯腈纤维为原材料,以导电玻璃为基体电极,通过水热法制备了多胺基-偕胺肟基双官能团纤维(PANF-EDA-AO),另外采用滴涂法制备了PANF-EDA-AO修饰电极,结合电化学工作站开展了铀高效吸附-强化沉积实验,结果表明:在附加电场下,PANF-EDA-AO修饰电极对铀的提取量高达1763.3 mg/g,是PANF-EDA-AO本身物理化学吸附量(215.2 mg/g)的8倍左右;在NaCl溶液体系中,铀以不规则的块状颗粒物覆盖在PANF-EDA-AO修饰电极表面;而在多离子共存溶液体系中,铀以微纳米片状晶体形式覆盖在PANF-EDA-AO修饰电极表面。由循环伏安曲线发现:导电玻璃电极对水体中U(Ⅵ)的还原分两步完成,在还原得到U(Ⅳ)之前存在U(Ⅴ)中间体;而PANF-EDA-AO修饰电极对水体中U(Ⅵ)的还原一步即可完成,且十分迅速,其对铀的提取是双官能团螯合吸附、电化学还原、强化沉积协同作用的结果。该方法对在高盐多离子共存水体中高效提铀具有较大的应用潜力。In this study,using polyacrylonitrile fiber as raw material and conductive glass as substrate electrode,polyamine-amidoxime group bifunctional fiber(PANF-EDA-AO)was prepared by hydrothermal process.PANF-EDA-AO modified electrode was manufactured by use of drip coating method.The intensified sedimentation experiment with efficient adsorption of uranium was carried out in conjunction with the electrochemical workstation.The results show that under the additional electric field,the uranium extraction rate using PANF-EDA-AO modified electrode reached 1763.3 mg/g,8 times that of physic-chemical adsorption capacity(215.2 mg/g)of PANF-EDA-AO.In NaCl solution system,uranium in form of irregular particles covers the surface of PANF-EDA-AO electrode,while in the multiple ion solution system it covers PANF-EDA-AO electrode in the form of micro-nano flake crystals.From the cyclic vol-tammetry curve,it can be found that with conductive glass-based electrode the reduction of U(Ⅵ)in water can be achieved in two steps,where the U(Ⅴ)intermediate exists prior to U(Ⅳ)during the reduction.However PANF-EDA-AO modified electrode made the one-step reduction of U(Ⅵ)in water be completed rapidly,where the uranium extraction was resulted from interaction of chelation adsorption by bifunctional fiber with electrochemical reduction and intensified sedimentation.This approach is likely to be applied in efficient extraction of uranium from highly saline water containing multiple ions.

关 键 词：双官能团纤维 修饰电极 铀 高盐水体 高效提取 一步还原 吸附 沉积 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]