发声参数与白语声调的对立及演变  

Phonation Parameters and Tonal Distinction and Evolution in the Bai Language

作　　者：万美豪 李煊 汪锋[1] WAN Meihao;LI Xuan;WANG Feng

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言学研究中心/中文系,北京100871

出　　处：《语言学论丛》2021年第2期162-186,共25页Essays on Linguistics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目《语言变异和接触机制研究》(#19JJD740001);北京大学人文学科文库项目《白语方言嗓音的变异与演化》。

摘　　要：云南省丽江市玉龙县九河白族乡以白族和纳西族为主,白族说白语,部分纳西族也会说白语。白族所说的白语(“九河白语”)有六个声调,但纳西族说的白语(“纳式白语”)中部分声调发生了合并。本文录制了八位白语发音人的EGG信号,从中提取了基频、开商和速度商三个发声参数,考察这些参数在白语声调的区分及合并中的表现。在九河白语中,声调的对立既反映在基频上,也反映在开商和速度商上,开商和速度商体现的是发声方式的差异。在纳式白语中,声调会因为基频相似发生合并(T4和T5),也会因为都有特殊发声类型特征而发生合并(TI和T3)。九河的案例表明,无论是声调的共时变异,还是历时演化,基频和发声方式都是基础。The population of Jiuhe township,Y ulong county,Y unnan province is dominated by the Bai and Naxi people.Both Bai and part of Naxi people speak the Bai language.The Bai language spoken by the Bai people(“Jiuhe Bai”)has six tones,some of which merged in the Bai language spoken by the Naxi people(“Naxi Bai”).Based on the EGG signals of eight Bai speakers,three phonation parameters are extracted,namely,fundamental frequency(FO),opening quotient(OQ),and speed quotient(SQ),which are examined in the distinction and merging of Bai tones.In the Jiuhe Bai,the distinction of tones is reflected not only in the F0,but also in the 0Q and SQ,which reflect the differences in phonation manner.In the Naxi Bai,the tones will merge,due to the similarity of FO,e.g.,T4 and T5,or due to the similar features of phonation manner,e.g.,T1 and T3.The case of Jiuhe shows that both F0 and phonation manner are the bases of tonal synchronic variation and diachronic ev volution.

关 键 词：白语 发声参数 声调对立 声调演变 

分 类 号：H252[语言文字—少数民族语言]