Progress in TNM staging of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors  

作　　者：Taymeyah Al-Toubah Jonathan Strosberg 

机构地区：[1]lee moffitt cancer center,department of gi oncology,tampa,fl,usa

出　　处：《Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition》2021年第2期238-240,共3页肝胆外科与营养（英文）

摘　　要：In recent years,staging classifications for well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(NETs)have evolved significantly(1-3).Historical classifications,which attempted to combine clinical,pathological,and radiographic findings,were found to be overly complex.It was not until 2006 that Rindi et al.proposed a standard four-stage TNM classification,which was subsequently endorsed by the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society(ENETS)(4).The T stage distinguished between tumors smaller than 2 cm(T1),2-4 cm(T2),>4 cm or invading duodenum/bile ducts(T3),and invading adjacent structures(T4).N and M stages were defined simply by the presence or absence of regional lymph nodes and distant metastases(Figure 1A).The American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)seventh edition adopted a different TNM classification in 2010,derived from the staging for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.In this classification,T1 referred to a tumor<2 cm,T2 referred to a tumor>2 cm,T3 referred to disease extending beyond the pancreas,and T4 referred to the invasion of the celiac axis or SMA(unresectable).As in the ENETS classification,N and M stage were defined simply by the presence or absence of metastases(Figure 1B).

关 键 词：STAGING INVASION FIGURE 

分 类 号：R73[医药卫生—肿瘤]