列车收缩管吸能防爬器耐撞性研究  

Crashworthiness analysis of shrink circular tube energy absorbers with an anti-clamber for trains

作　　者：高广军[1] 舒康 关维元[1] 于尧 GAO Guangjun;SHU Kang;GUAN Weiyuan;YU Yao(School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2022年第2期520-527,共8页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51975588)。

摘　　要：为提升列车车辆在偏心碰撞和倾斜碰撞场景下列车车辆的耐撞性,提出一种收缩管吸能防爬器。该吸能结构在碰撞过程中,其收缩吸能管和吸能座圆锥面产生摩擦作用,收缩吸能管产生径向收缩变形吸收冲击动能,提升非正心碰撞场景下列车吸能结构的吸能特性。采用准静态拉伸试验得到吸能管材料的本构模型,并通过台车冲击试验验证所建立有限元模型的有效性。通过数值仿真,研究偏心碰撞、倾斜碰撞等工况下该结构的变形及吸能特性。研究结果表明:该吸能结构适用于较大偏心距对撞和倾斜碰撞工况,且其关键结构设计参数对吸能结构的吸能特性和耐撞性有较大影响,其中吸能管壁厚对耐撞性参数(比吸能SEA和峰值力PCF)影响更为明显,合理选择关键结构设计参数可以有效提高吸能特性。In order to improve the crashworthiness of trains in the eccentric collision and tilt collision scenarios,shrink circular tube energy absorbers with an anti-clamberwere proposed.The shrink circular tube and the conical surface of the energy absorption seat produced friction during the collision compression process,and the shrink tube producedradial shrink deformation to absorb the impact kinetic energy,which improves the energy absorption characteristics of the energy absorption structure for trains under the non-center collision scene.In this paper,the constitutive model of the material was firstobtained by aquasi-static test,and the effectiveness of the established finite element model was verified by the trolley impact test.Then the deformation and energy absorption characteristics of the structure under the conditions of eccentric collision and oblique collision were studied through numerical simulations.The research results show that the energy absorption structure is suitable for large eccentric distance collision and oblique collision conditions,and the key structural design parameters of the energy absorption structure have a great impact on the energy absorption characteristics and crashworthiness of the energy absorption structure.Especially,the wall thickness of the energy absorption tubehas a significant impact on the crashworthiness parameters(the specific energy absorption SEA and the peak crushing force PCF),and the reasonable selection of key structural design parameters can effectively improve the energy absorption characteristics.

关 键 词：收缩管吸能防爬器 准静态试验 台车冲击试验 偏心碰撞 倾斜碰撞 

分 类 号：U270.3[机械工程—车辆工程]