企业高管的衍生创业机制——基于专用性资产的影响研究  

The Mechanism of Executives’Spin-off Entrepreneurship:The Influence of Specific Assets

作　　者：刘方龙 邹立凯 李新春[3] Liu Fanglong;Zou Likai;Li Xinchun(School of Business,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies;School of Business,Shantou University;School of Business,Sun Yat-sen University)

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学商学院 [2]汕头大学商学院 [3]中山大学管理学院

出　　处：《南开管理评论》2022年第1期105-115,I0020,I0021,共13页Nankai Business Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点国际(地区)合作项目(71810107002);教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目(19YJC630100);广东省自然科学基金项目(2021A1515011924)资助。

摘　　要：在国内创业浪潮中,越来越多曾在著名企业工作的企业高管离职后选择衍生创业。目前学者对员工衍生创业或企业衍生创业研究较多,而对企业高管这一群体的衍生创业关注还不够。本文基于新制度经济学的专用性资产理论,采用案例研究方法,以两家在国内细分行业处于领先位置的企业为研究对象,旨在从企业高管创业者积累的专用性资产视角,解释企业高管衍生创业的理论机制。案例研究发现,高管积累的专用性资产是企业高管衍生创业的重要初始资源,并且影响了其衍生创业机制:(1)收益落差、职业瓶颈和理念冲突等因素会产生专用性资产租金落差,会驱动企业高管选择衍生创业以实现潜在收益;(2)高管在母公司积累的专用性资产使得高管创业者在相同行业或相似领域更容易识别和开发创业机会;(3)由于专用性资产的专用性特质,高管创业者更倾向于选择基于互补性的创业团队成员,以实现创业资源的整合和优化。本案例研究发现了高管在母公司积累的专用性资产在其衍生创业中发挥了重要的影响,解释了高管衍生创业为什么能够获得快速创新成长,同时在理论上从新制度经济学角度进一步补充和深化了传统的创业动机、机会和资源观。In recent years,with the accelerated updating and iteration of high-tech and the fierce impact of global competition,the phenomenon of spin-off entrepreneurship by corporate executives has frequently occurred,especially the executives working in large international companies.In a broad sense,scholars call this phenomenon spin-off entrepreneurship,which refers to the entrepreneurial behavior in which individuals in the same industry leave the original company and establish a new company.Although there is a lot of research on employee entrepreneurship or spin-off entrepreneurship,it is surprising that spin-off entrepreneurship for the group of corporate executives has received little attention.So far,there has not been a clear and rigorous theoretical framework that can provide a theoretical basis for analyzing and explaining the phenomenon of corporate executives’spin-off entrepreneurship.Different from ordinary employees,the executives of large companies make a high level of specific asset investment in the fields they engaged in after years of experience accumulation.If they fail to obtain a considerable return on these specific assets from the parent company for various reasons,they may produce an important motivation or driving force to choose spin-off businesses.In particular,corporate executives who work in large international companies have a stronger motivation to realize the rent of potential specific assets after leaving the company,because they can transfer the accumulated specific assets to new ventures through spin-off entrepreneurship to realize potential income.Therefore,in terms of individual motivation,corporate executives employed by large companies have more access to valuable entrepreneurial information.Executive entrepreneurs can use their industry experience to tap into neglected entrepreneurial opportunities or create new market opportunities through entrepreneurship.Therefore,their motivation for spin-off entrepreneurship may be different from that of ordinary employees.Based on this logi

关 键 词：衍生创业 高管创业者 专用性资产 租金落差 

分 类 号：F279.2[经济管理—企业管理] F272.91[经济管理—国民经济]