管理学领域的曲线效应及统计检验方法  

Curvilinear Effect and Statistical Test Method in the Management Research

作　　者：林伟鹏 冯保艺 Lin Weipeng;Feng Baoyi(School of Management,Shandong University)

机构地区：[1]山东大学管理学院

出　　处：《南开管理评论》2022年第1期155-164,I0030,I0031,共12页Nankai Business Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72171135);教育部人文社会科学基金项目(20YJC630077)资助。

摘　　要：一般管理学研究在探讨变量间的关系时,通常假定该关系为线性的,即正相关或负相关的关系。然而越来越多实证研究及对客观世界的观察结果表明,变量之间的关系很可能不是简单线性的,而是曲线的。当一个积极的因素投入过度将不能带来额外的收益,甚至可能会带来负面的影响,这种现象称为“过犹不及”效应。相反,如果出现某种因素投入在高水平或低水平时,收益都要比将该因素投入在中等水平时要好,这种现象则称为“居中不良”效应。“过犹不及”和“居中不良”都是典型的曲线效应,这些曲线效应广泛存在于管理学领域及其他社会科学领域,如心理学、社会学、经济学等。本文探究了国内外对于曲线效应现象的论述,并以二次函数曲线关系为例,介绍非线性关系的几种模型(简单非线性关系、非线性调节效应、非线性中介效应)及其统计检验方法,以期为研究者对非线性关系的研究提供参考。Previous research mainly presumed a linear relationship between two constructs(i.e.,X is positively or negatively related to Y).However,the increasing number of mixed findings and the complexity of management phenomena suggest that such a linear presumption may not always be true.The curvilinear paradigm can be traced to both Eastern and Western cultures.For example,Confucius and Aristotle both advocated the Doctrine of the Mean,which means that a medium level of investment results in the best.Although scholars have begun to notice the curvilinear effect in management field,the empirical studies based on curvilinear presumptions are still few,and people’s understanding of the curvilinear effect is far from adequate.This paper aims to help scholars expand the understanding of curvilinear effect in the management field and provide support to statistical tests for the curvilinear effect model.The curvilinear effect manifests in different forms in the management field,and the most common kinds are the too-much-of-a-goodthing(TMGT)effect and the too-confusing-to-be-a-good-thing(TCGT)effect.Specifically,the TMGT effect refers to the phenomenon that a beneficial antecedent may result in detrimental outcomes when taken too far.On the contrary,the TCGT effect refers to the phenomenon that the medium level of an antecedent may result in the worst outcomes compared with its higher or lower level.Those curvilinear effects are ubiquitous in the management field and other fields of social science(e.g.,psychology,sociology,and economics).In order to provide a direct and intuitive understanding of curvilinear effect in the management field,this paper includes examples of empirical research on curvilinear effect both in China and abroad in four subfields of management(i.e.,organizational behavior,human resource management,entrepreneurship,and strategic management).In contrast to the linear relationship model,there are several mathematical models that can be used to conduct statistical test for the curvilinear effect.The quadrat

关 键 词：曲线效应 非线性关系 过犹不及 居中不良 统计检验 

分 类 号：F272.92[经济管理—企业管理] O212.1[经济管理—国民经济]