“谁漏油谁赔偿原则”的历史考证及其在碰撞事故中的运用  

Historical research on the principle of“the one who leaks oil pays the compensation”and its application in collision accidents

作　　者：司玉琢[1] 吴煦[1] SI Yu-zhuo;WU Xu(Law School,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2022年第1期3-14,共12页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2018年度司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“智能合约研究”(18SFB2041)。

摘　　要：《1969年国际油污损害民事责任公约》确立了漏油船舶所有人的严格责任,漏油船舶所有人被确认为公约下油污损害的唯一责任人。若漏油事故是由第三方船舶碰撞侵权造成的,油污受害人只能按照公约的规定向漏油方请求油污损害赔偿。对于油污损害造成的油类本身灭失或损害,其所有人可以碰撞法律关系向非漏油船请求碰撞责任赔偿,但以不影响任何一方的责任限制为条件。船舶碰撞事故造成一船漏油时,油污受害方的诉讼请求可能同时涉及两个海上侵权民事法律关系:或者是船舶油污法律关系和船舶碰撞法律关系,或者是船舶油污法律关系和一般环境侵权法律关系。根据相关国际公约或者国内法的规定,在涉及责任限制时,油污法律应该优先适用。若油污法律不予调整,属船舶碰撞法调整范围的,碰撞法优先于一般法适用。船舶油污法和船舶碰撞法都不适用时,方有适用一般法的空间。CLC 1969 establishes the strict liability of the owners of oil spilling ships,and the owners of oil spilling ships are recognized as the sole responsible persons for oil pollution damage under the Convention.If an oil spilling accident is caused by a third-party ship collision infringement,the victims of oil pollution can only claim compensation for oil pollution damage from the oil spilling party in accordance with the provisions of the CLC.The owner of the loss or damage of the oil in the oil pollution may claim compensation for the collision liability from the non oil leaking ship according to the collision legal relationship,provided that it does not affect the limitation of liability of either party.When a ship collision accident caused a ship to leak oil,the claims of the victims of oil pollution may involve two civil tort legal relations at the same time:either the legal relationship of ship oil pollution and the legal relationship of ship collision,or the legal relationship of ship oil pollution and the legal relationship of general environmental tort.According to relevant international conventions or domestic laws,oil pollution laws should take precedence when it comes to limitation of liability.If the oil pollution laws do not adjust it,when it belongs to the adjustment range of the ship collision laws,the collision laws take precedence over the general laws.If neither the ship oil pollution laws nor the ship collision laws are applicable,there is room for the application of the general laws.

关 键 词：油污损害 油污民事责任公约 船舶碰撞 严格责任 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]