纳西族三多神信仰与藏文化的关系  

The Relationship between Sanduo God Belief of Naxi and Xizangan Culture

作　　者：木仕华[1] Mu Shihua(The Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology,Chinese Academy of Socail Sciences,Beijing,100081)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《西藏民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第6期31-41,155,共12页Journal of Xizang Minzu University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金专项项目“历史经验与铸牢中华民族共同体——中华民族共同体的形成和发展研究”(项目号:20VMZ001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：纳西族信仰体系中兼有汉藏等多民族文化影响的因素,典型的如象雄文明及其苯教信仰传统的影响而形成的东巴教信仰,以及西藏佛教后弘期以降形成的藏传佛教信仰,构成两个时间层次明显的主要信仰形态。此外,在丽江纳西族中尚有典型的民间信仰,如延续千年的三多神信仰,其中夹杂有苯教、佛教、道教、白族的本主信仰、山神信仰等诸多因素。以往研究对三多神信仰中的藏文化影响因子的分析比较欠缺。本文以西藏历史上的佛苯之争、滇藏茶马古道贸易、蒙古南征大理、丽江木氏土司崛起等史实作背景,从三多神名称的词源入手,结合汉、藏、纳西、白族等多民族文献及民间神话传说,探讨三多神信仰与藏文化的诸多联系,揭示三多神信仰从一个民族的信仰行为逐渐演化为滇西北区域各民族共享的岁时重大节日活动,发挥了超越单一民族意义的多元文化间的互动凝聚功能,转化为多民族共享的文化认同符号之一,对研讨大国基层地方社会多民族间社会文化交流交往交融进程有典型的案例意义。Based on the historical background of the dispute between Buddha and benzene in the history ofXizang, the trade of Yunnan Xizang tea and horse ancient road, and Mongolia’s southern expedition to Dali, thispaper discusses the relationship between the belief of the three gods and Xizangan culture from the etymology ofthe names of the three gods, combined with Han, Xizangan, Naxi, Bai and other multi-ethnic documents and folkmyths and legends. It reveals that the belief in the three gods has gradually evolved from the belief behavior of anation to a major festival activity shared by all ethnic groups in Northwest Yunnan, which has played a role of in-teraction and cohesion among multiple cultures beyond the significance of a single nation and transformed intoone of the cultural identity symbols shared by multiple ethnic groups.

关 键 词：纳西族 三多神信仰 藏文化 

分 类 号：B933[哲学宗教—宗教学] G127[文化科学]