论被害人在侵犯财产案件中放弃获得退赔的权利  

On the Victim’s Waiving the Right to Obtain Restitution of Compensation in the Criminal Case of Encroaching on Property

作　　者：王超 宋振宇 Wang Chao;Song Zhenyu

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院,北京100875 [2]北京大成律师事务所,北京100020

出　　处：《法学杂志》2022年第2期136-146,共11页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：2017年度国家社会科学基金项目“刑事程序违法的实体性制裁研究”(项目编号:17BFX182)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：尽管实务界对被害人放弃获得退赔的权利存在明显认识分歧,但是理论界却很少专门研究这个问题。被害人放弃获得退赔的行为关系到司法机关如何处理违法所得,也蕴含了国家干预与私法自治之间的关系。司法机关采取追缴、责令退赔、返还、没收的措施体现了国家干预;被害人放弃获得退赔的行为则体现了私法自治。被害人放弃获得退赔与司法机关履行法定义务之间不存在矛盾,"不能让犯罪分子从犯罪中获利"的刑法观念与"允许被追诉人从被害人放弃获得退赔行为中获利"并行不悖。赋予被害人放弃获得退赔的权利,既符合私法自治原则,又有助于贯彻恢复性司法的理念。Although there is a clear divergence in the understanding of a victim’s waiving the right to obtain restitution of compensation in judicial practice,theoretical circles rarely study this issue specifically.The victim’s waiving the right to obtain restitution of compensation is not only related to how judiciary authorities handle proceeds of crime,but also contains the relationship between state intervention and private law autonomy.Measures taken by judiciary authorities against proceeds of crime shall include recovering proceeds of crime,ordering to make compensation for victims,returning the victims’legitimate property,and confiscating.These measures reflect state intervention.The victim’s behavior of waiving the right to obtain restitution of compensation is a manifestation of private law autonomy.There is no contradiction between the victim’s behavior of waiving claim and the execution of legal obligations by judiciary authorities.The criminal law concept of not allowing criminals to profit from crimes and the prosecuted person’s profiting from the victim’s behavior of waiving the right to obtain restitution of compensation are two parallel concepts.Granting the victim’s right to waive the right to obtain restitution of compensation is not only consistent with the principle of private law autonomy,but also helps to implement the concept of restorative justice.

关 键 词：侵犯财产犯罪 违法所得 放弃获得退赔 私法自治 国家干预 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学] D925.2[政治法律—法学]