吸气式电推进中的气体捕集系统的设计分析  

Design and Analysis of an Air-Intake System for Air-Breathing Electric Propulsion

作　　者：杨超 胡远[2] 孙泉华[2,3] 黄河激 YANG Chao;HU Yuan;SUN Quan-hua;HUANG He-ji(Laboratory for Aerospace Science and Technology,Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;State Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gas Dynamics,Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Engineering Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院力学研究所空天飞行科技中心,北京100190 [2]中国科学院力学研究所高温气体动力学国家重点实验室,北京100190 [3]中国科学院大学工程科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《宇航学报》2022年第2期232-240,共9页Journal of Astronautics

基　　金：海南省重大科技项目(ZDKJ2019004);中国科学院战略性先导专项(XDA17030100)。

摘　　要：针对吸气式电推进系统中的气体捕集系统,提出了一种能够准确计算气体捕集率的理论模型,并以此为基础开展了气体捕集系统的优化设计。首先,通过分析几类代表性气体捕集系统的捕集特点,提取了影响气体捕集率的关键参数。然后,通过分析进气道内气体分子的微观行为,推导得到了气体捕集率的理论公式,获得了无量纲管长、末端净透射率等关键参数对气体捕集率的影响规律。最后,利用理论模型,对实际飞行条件下的气体捕集系统开展了优化设计。结果表明,当末端净透射率给定时气体捕集率随无量纲管长先增后减,且最大捕集率与末端净透射率正相关。通过使用涡轮分子泵提升末端净透射率并对无量纲管长进行优化,实际飞行条件下的气体捕集率可以达到50%以上。Air-breathing electric propulsion is a very promising propulsion technology for ultra-low-orbit satellite,and one of the keys is to efficiently collect atmospheric molecules as propellant.Several representative air-intake systems are compared and analyzed,which helps to summarize the basic principles to increase collection efficiency.The common physical problems in air-intake systems are then investigated through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation,and the influence of key parameters such as non-dimensional tube length and exit transmission probability on collection efficiency is obtained.It is found that when the non-dimensional tube length increases the collection efficiency first increases and then decreases,and the highest collection efficiency shows a positive correlation with the exit transmission probability.Based on the analysis,a preliminary design of air-intake system is provided for earth orbit at 150 km and the optimized collection efficiency is over 50%.

关 键 词：吸气式电推进 气体捕集 自由分子流 涡轮分子泵 

分 类 号：O356[理学—流体力学]