轴盘制动对高速列车车轮多边形磨耗的影响  

Influence of Axle-Mounted Disc Brake on Polygonal Wear of High-Speed Train Wheels

作　　者：康熙 陈光雄[1,2] 朱琪 董丙杰[1,2] KANG Xi;CHEN Guang-xiong;ZHU Qi;DONG Bing-jie(School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;Tribology Research Institute,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学机械工程学院,成都610031 [2]摩擦学研究所,成都610031

出　　处：《表面技术》2022年第3期43-50,共8页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51775461)。

摘　　要：目的 研究高速列车轴盘制动引起车轮多边形磨耗的形成机理,并提出相应的抑制措施。方法 基于摩擦自激振动引起车轮多边形磨耗的观点,建立高速列车拖车轮对-轴盘制动-轨道系统的有限元模型。采用复特征值法,分析制动工况下制动盘和制动片摩擦激励的振动。根据等效阻尼比判断摩擦自激振动的不稳定性,等效阻尼比越小,则不稳定振动发生趋势越强。当等效阻尼比小于–0.001时,不稳定振动的振幅会克服系统阻尼逐渐增大。为了考虑模型中非线性因素的影响,采用瞬时动态仿真,获得制动时轮轨间的法向接触力,通过功率谱密度分析,获得轮轨振动主频。此外,分析轴盘制动系统安装位置和3种类型的制动片对车轮多边形磨耗的影响。结果 轴盘制动系统摩擦制动容易激励出637 Hz左右的不稳定振动,由于复特征值分析与瞬时动态分析求解方法不同,因此该不稳定振动频率的计算结果存在6%左右的相对误差。轴盘制动系统的安装位置对于不稳定振动的发生趋势具有重要影响,考虑到轴盘制动系统实际安装空间,当制动压力角为–10°-10°时,637Hz左右的振动对应的等效阻尼比随压力角的增大而减小。采用多个蜂窝状制动单元组成的制动片,在制动时可引起602 Hz左右的不稳定振动。当制动片表面存在复合沟槽结构时,在550-650 Hz内,没有等效阻尼比小于–0.001的不稳定振动。结论 当高速列车运行速度为300 km/h时,轴盘摩擦制动引起的637 Hz左右的不稳定振动可通过轮对传导至轮轨系统中,引起轮轨摩擦功周期性波动,从而导致拖车车轮发生22-23阶多边形磨耗。在满足制动系统安装要求的条件下,适当增大压力角,可减轻由轴盘制动引起的车轮多边形磨耗。采用多个蜂窝状制动单元组成的制动片,容易导致拖车车轮发生20-21阶多边形磨耗。在制动片表面添加复合沟槽结构In order to study the formation mechanism of wheel polygonal wear on high-speed trains and propose corresponding inhibition measures. Based on the viewpoint that the friction-induced self-excited vibration causes wheel polygonal wear, a finite element model including high-speed train trailer wheelset, axle-mounted disc brake system and track was established. The vibrations excited by the friction between discs and pads under brake conditions were analyzed by the complex eigenvalue method. According to the effective damping ratio to judge the instability of excited vibrations, the smaller the effective damping ratio, the stronger the occurrence trend of unstable vibration. When the effective damping ratio was less than –0.001, the amplitude of unstable vibrations increased gradually overcoming the system damping. The wheel-rail normal contact forces during braking were obtained by the transient dynamic simulation, which took into account the influence of nonlinear factors. And then, the main frequencies of wheel-rail vibrations were calculated by the power spectral density(PSD) analysis of the wheel-rail normal contact forces. In addition, it was investigated that the effect of the position of the axle-mounted disc brake system and three types of brake pads on wheel polygonal wear. Friction braking of axle-mounted disc brake system was easy to excite unstable vibration about 637 Hz. Because of the difference between complex eigenvalue analysis and instantaneous dynamic analysis, there was a relative error of about 6% in the calculation results of the unstable vibration frequency. The installation position of the axle-mounted disc brake system had an important influence on the occurrence trend of unstable vibration. Considering the actual installation space of the axle-mounted disc brake system, when the brake pressure angle was in the range of –10° to 10°, the equivalent damping ratio corresponding to the vibration about 637 Hz decreased with the increase of the pressure angle. Brake pads composed of several

关 键 词：轴盘制动系统 车轮多边形磨耗 摩擦自激振动 数值仿真 高速列车 表面沟槽 

分 类 号：U271.91[机械工程—车辆工程] TH17[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]