四川盆地典型城市与农村河流微生物群落特征比较分析  

Contrasting Analysis of Microbial Community Characteristics in Typical Urban and Rural Rivers of Sichuan Basin,China

作　　者：李凤 董晓明 董志新 陈露[1] 唐家良[1] LI Feng;DONG Xiaoming;DONG Zhixin;CHEN Lu;TANG Jialiang(Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,中国科学院山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室,成都610041 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院,成都610031

出　　处：《山地学报》2022年第1期56-70,共15页Mountain Research

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)专题(XDA23040202);四川省重大科技专项(2018SZDZX0027,2021YFG0279)。

摘　　要：准确认识河流微生物群落结构特征是进行河流水质净化与修复的重要前提。已有研究大多涉及单一河流类型微生物群落结构特征及其环境影响,但对长江上游四川盆地河流微生物群落特征的调查仍较为缺乏,对城市河流与农村河流微生物群落结构的差异特征及其环境驱动机制的认识不足。本研究采用高通量测序技术对四川盆地成都(代表城市)、盐亭(代表农村)地区两条典型河流水体和沉积物微生物群落结构特征进行比较分析,探究城市与农村地区不同污染源对于河流生态系统的影响。结果表明:(1)城市和农村两类河流水体及沉积物均以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)为优势菌门。其中,城市河流水体中的变形菌显著高于农村河流水体,表明生活污水源为主的城市污水有利于该门菌群的生长繁殖。(2)变形菌中的γ-变形菌是主要的优势类群,LEfSe分析及随机森林发现γ-变形菌是城市和农村河流水体关键差异物种,表明城市污染源可导致更高的病原菌污染风险。整体而言,城市河流比农村河流具有更高的物种丰度,且存在较高的种群差异。(3)网络分析发现以农村面源污染为主的农村河流微生物群落结构相对简单,表明其受环境胁迫相对较少。(4)RDA分析结果表明氧化还原电位、硝态氮对变形菌门微生物群落结构影响显著,其对反硝化菌可能有重要影响。本研究揭示了两种类型区河流环境微生物群落结构差异特征和环境影响因子,可为构建研究区域内典型河流系统的生态恢复理论和方法提供科学依据。An proper understanding of the characteristics of river microbial communities is prerequisite for purification and restoration of river water quality.Most studies concerned about microbial communities in a single type of river and their environmental impacts on the river,but little attention was paid to microbial communities in multiple rivers for comparison purpose,particularly in the upper Sichuan basin of the Yangtze River.Furthermore,the contrasting differences between the microbial community characteristics of urban rivers and those of rural rivers and their environmental driving mechanisms remain obscure.In this study,a high-throughput sequencing approach was used to sequence the 16S rRNA gene of water and sediment in the rivers of Chengdu(representing urban areas)and the rivers of Yanting(representing rural areas),with the aim of exploring the effects of different pollution sources on river ecosystems in urban and rural areas.The results showed that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in both urban and rural river water bodies and sediments.Urban rivers had a higher abundance of Proteobacteria than rural rivers,which indicated that the sources of sewage input favored the growth of Proteobacteria.γ-Proteobacteria was the main dominant group at the class level,and it was also the key difference species illustrated by Leffes analysis.Random forest analysis confirmed thatγ-Proteobacteria was the key difference species,which indicated higher risks of pathogenic pollution.Overall,the urban river system had higher microbial diversity and abundance than the rural river system.Network analysis showed that rural rivers with nonpoint source pollution had simpler microbial community structures,implying that less environmental stress was encountered.ORP and nitrate-nitrogen had significant effects on the Proteobacteria,as revealed by RDA,which indicated a stronger denitrifying ability of the system.This study revealed the differences in the microbial community structure characteristics and enviro

关 键 词：农村河流 城市河流 微生物 多样性 群落结构 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]