汉语体认语法刍议——试论“对称原则”为汉语最重要的语法手段  

My humble opinion on Chinese embodied-cognitive grammar——An attempt of discussion on“symmetry principle”as the most important grammatical device for Chinese

作　　者：王寅[1] Wang Yin(Research Center for Language Philosophy,Sichuan International Studies University,Chongqing 400031,China)

机构地区：[1]四川外国语大学语言哲学研究中心,重庆400031

出　　处：《辽宁师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期1-9,共9页Journal of Liaoning Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“修辞的认知构式语法研究”(14BYY52);四川外国语大学“认知语言学本土化研究科研创新团队”项目。

摘　　要：体认语言学是对国外认知语言学进行本土化修补后提出的新兴交叉学科,强调将马列主义的辩证唯物论和人的主观能动性,以及后现代哲学的新观点融入语言学研究之中,其核心原则为“现实—认知—语言”。本文在此基础上提出了“汉语体认语法”的设想,认为语法的最本质特征为“体认性”,它是人们基于对现实世界的“互动体验(体)”和“认知加工(认)”在语言编码过程中逐步形成的,这与戴浩一“汉语认知功能语法”的思路相似。我们还认为,人们认识到自然界和身体存在大量的对称现象,便在心智中形成了“对称原则”,致使语言中出现了大量的对称结构,它可视为汉语语法的最重要手段,不仅可弥补号称汉语两大语法手段“词序”和“虚词”之不足,还可解释汉语基本句型和若干怪句的成因,可望为汉语的语法研究和教学实践开辟一个全新方向。Embodied-cognitive linguistics(ECL)is a new interdiscipline based on the nativized revision of Cognitive Linguistics abroad,which stresses the integration with linguistic research of Marxist-Leninist dialectical materialism and subjective initiative,and the new ideas from Postmodernism.Its kernel principle is“Reality—Cognition—Language”,based on which the present paper is attempted to propose“Chinese cognitive grammar”,holding that the basic nature of language is embodied cognitivity,i.e.it is constructed on the basis of“interactive embodiment(ti:body)”and“cognitive processing(ren:cognition)”of the real world,which is similar to James Tai’s“Chinese cognitive-functional grammar”.We also think that when people realize lots of symmetry in the objective world and human body,thus forming“symmetry principle”in our mind and then many symmetry structure in our language,which can be regarded as the most important in Chinese grammar,for it may make up the shortage of so-called two basic grammatical devices“word order”and“form word”,and explain the motivation of Chinese basic sentence patterns and strange sentences in the hope of setting up a new approach for Chinese grammar research and teaching practice.

关 键 词：汉语体认语法 词序 虚词 对称原则 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]