不同认知负荷条件下定向运动员心理旋转能力的行为绩效及脑加工特征  

Behavioral performance and brain processing characteristics of orienteering athletes'mental rotation ability under different cognitive load conditions

作　　者：易妍 刘静如 张言[2] 唐思洁 刘阳 YI Yan;LIU Jingru;ZHANG Yan;TANG Sijie;LIU Yang(School of Physical Education,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China;School of Physical Education,Inner Mongolia Minzu University,Tongliao 028000,China;Shenzhen Oriental English College,Shenzhen 518128,China;School of Physical Education,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学体育学院,吉林长春130024 [2]内蒙古民族大学体育学院,内蒙古通辽028000 [3]深圳东方英文书院,广东深圳518128 [4]陕西师范大学体育学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《体育学刊》2022年第2期136-144,共9页Journal of Physical Education

基　　金：教育部产学合作协同育人项目(202102223033);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(GK202007035)。

摘　　要：从不同水平运动经验者的专项心理旋转能力出发,探究不同任务负荷条件下运动员心理旋转能力的行为绩效及脑加工特征,为进一步了解运动员空间认知加工机制及科学化训练提供理论依据。采用2(运动水平:专家、新手)×2(地图难度:简单地图、复杂地图)的两因素混合实验设计,通过功能性近红外光谱成像(fNIRS)技术,比较专家和新手共27名在不同任务难度条件下心理旋转任务中的正确率、反应时、背外侧前额叶(DLPFC)和腹外侧前额叶(VLPFC)中含氧血红蛋白(Oxy-Hb)浓度变化。结果:(1)随着地图难度的增大,正确率显著降低、反应时显著加长,专家组优于新手组;(2)在复杂地图条件下左右背、腹外侧前额叶4个脑区的Oxy-Hb浓度均显著高于简单地图,专家运动员左右背、腹外侧前额叶4个脑区Oxy-Hb浓度显著低于新手组。结果说明:专家运动员较新手运动员在完成识图心理旋转任务时表现出高任务绩效,Oxy-Hb激活较新手组低,表现出了一定的专项认知优势。心理旋转认知过程受认知负荷的制约,不同认知负荷条件对定向运动员心理旋转加工产生了不同的绩效影响及脑激活变化。Starting from the professional mental rotation of athletes with different sports experience,explore the behavioral performance and brain processing characteristics of athletes'mental rotation under different task load conditions,and to provide a theoretical basis for further understanding of the athlete's spatial cognitive processing mechanism and scientific training.Adopting a two-factor mixed experimental design 2(Level:expert,novice)×2(Map difficulty:Simple,complex),and using functional near-infrared spectroscopy imaging technology to comparing athletes'correct rate,reaction time,changes of the Oxy-Hb concentration in the DLPFC and VLPFC in mental rotation tasks under different task difficulty conditions for 27 experts and novices.Results show that:(1)As the difficulty increases,the accuracy rate is significantly reduced,and the reaction time is significantly longer,and the experts is better than the novices;(2)under complex map conditions,the Oxy-Hb concentration in the four brain regions of the left and right dorsal and ventrolateral prefrontal lobes are significantly higher than simple map conditions.The Oxy-Hb concentration in the four brain regions of the left and right dorsal and ventrolateral prefrontal lobes of expert athletes is significantly lower than novices.Conclusion reveals that:Expert athletes showed higher task performance than novice athletes in completing mental rotation tasks of map reading,and Oxy-Hb activation was lower than that of novice athletes,showing certain specific cognitive advantages.The cognitive process of mental rotation is restricted by cognitive load.Different cognitive load conditions have different performance effects and brain activation changes on mental rotation processing of orienteering athletes.

关 键 词：心理旋转能力 地图难度 脑加工 定向运动 功能性近红外光谱技术 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学] G804.8[文化科学—体育学]