理解作为一种现代政治现象的“主义”  

Understanding “Ism” as a Modern Political Phenomenon

作　　者：陈肖生[1] Chen Xiaosheng

机构地区：[1]南京大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《政治思想史》2022年第1期173-195,200,共24页Journal of the History of Political Thought

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金项目“西方政治哲学中尊重理念与政治道德基础问题研究”(项目编号:19BZX125)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：政治生活方式由各种各样的“主义”来界定、评价和引导,是一种现代政治现象。虽然在古希腊已出现以“主义”为后缀的构词,但只是指代一种行动或行为的方式和习俗。现代意识形态意义上的“主义”在西方古典政治中并不存在。伴随着现代早期的宗教改革、政治革命和认识论革新,“主义”历经学说化、平民化与标签化的转变过程,奠定了其现代形态。“主义”话语的编织及其对现代政治秩序的影响,受制于关于人性、社会和政治的一般性事实,并在社会不断理性化的趋势中受到挑战。It is a modern political phenomenon that the political lifestyle is defined,evaluated and guided by a variety of“ isms”. Although the word“ ism” was already used in ancient Greece as a suffix,it only refered to a manner or habit of conduct or action,and the modern ideological sense of“ ism” did not exist in western classical politics. Along with the early modern Reformation,political revolutions and epistemological innovations,“ism” underwent a process of doctrinal,populist and labelling transformation,thus establishing its modern form. The weaving of the “ism” discourse and its influence on the modern political order are constrained by general facts about human nature,society and politics,and are challenged by the trend of constant rationalization of social organization and action.

关 键 词：“主义” 意识形态 现代性 西方政治思想史 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]