氮、磷、钾肥配施对川芎生长及活性成分含量的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of N, P, K on Growth and Active Ingredient Content of Ligusticum chuanxiong

作　　者：陈媛媛 彭芳 陶珊 袁灿[2] 吴宇 施田田 肖欣娟 张超[2] CHEN Yuanyuan;PENG Fang;TAO Shan;YUAN Can;WU Yu;SHI Tiantian;XIAO Xinjuan;ZHANG Chao(Chengdu Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Chengdu Sichuan 610041;Institute of Economic Crop Breeding and Cultivation,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu Sichuan 610300)

机构地区：[1]成都市农业技术推广总站,四川成都610041 [2]四川省农业科学院经济作物育种栽培研究所,四川成都610300

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2022年第6期32-37,共6页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家中药材产业体系(CARS-21);四川省财政创新提升工程(2016TSCY-001);四川省育种攻关项目(2016NYZ0036-4-1)。

摘　　要：为了探索川芎栽培氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)肥的最佳施用量及配比,采用“3414”试验设计,通过盆栽试验研究N、P、K肥配施对川芎生长及活性成分含量的影响。结果表明:N_(1)P_(2)K_(1)处理(尿素1.47 g/盘、过磷酸钙5.87 g/盘、硫酸钾1.17 g/盘)株高最高;N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)处理(尿素2.93 g/盘、过磷酸钙5.87 g/盘、硫酸钾2.35 g/盘)分枝数及茎叶鲜重最大;N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)处理(尿素2.93 g/盘、过磷酸钙5.87 g/盘、硫酸钾4.69 g/盘)根茎鲜重最大,有利于提高川芎产量;N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)处理(尿素2.93 g/盘、过磷酸钙11.73 g/盘、硫酸钾2.35 g/盘)须根鲜重最大。K肥有利于根茎中阿魏酸积累,P肥影响不显著,阿魏酸含量随N肥用量增加而降低,以N_(0)P_(2)K_(2)处理(尿素0 g/盘、过磷酸钙5.87 g/盘、硫酸钾2.35 g/盘)阿魏酸含量最高。P肥有利于根茎藁本内酯积累,N、K肥影响不显著,以N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)处理藁本内酯含量最高。N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)处理隶属均值最大,为本研究的最佳施肥组合。综上,适量N、P、K肥配施有利于川芎生长,提高药材产量及活性成分含量,在本盆栽试验条件下以N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)处理为宜。In order to explore the optimum application amount and ratio of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)fertilizers of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.cultivation,the effects of combined application of N,P and K fertilizers on the growth and active ingredient content of L.chuanxiong were studied by pot experiment using"3414"test design.The results showed that the plant height of N_(1)P_(2)K_(1) treatment(urea 1.47 g/pot,calcium superphosphate 5.87 g/pot,potassium sulphate 1.17 g/pot)was the highest.The number of branches and fresh weight of stems and leaves of N_(2)P_(2)K_(2) treatment(urea 2.93 g/pot,calcium superphosphate 5.87 g/pot,potassium sulphate 2.35 g/pot)were the largest.The fresh weight of rhizomes of N_(2)P_(2)K_(3) treatment(urea 2.93 g/pot,calcium superphosphate 5.87 g/pot,potassium sulphate 4.69 g/pot)was the largest,which was beneficial to improve the yield of L.chuanxiong.The fresh weight of fibrous roots was the largest in N_(2)P_(3)K_(2) treatment(urea 2.93 g/pot,calcium superphosphate 11.73 g/pot,potassium sulphate 2.35 g/pot).K fertilizer was beneficial to the accumulation of ferulic acid,and the effect of P fertilizer was not significant.The ferulic acid content of rhizomes decreased with the increase of N fertilizer application.The ferulic acid content of rhizomes was the highest in N_(0)P_(2)K_(2) treatment(urea 0 g/pot,calcium superphosphate 5.87 g/pot,potassium sulphate 2.35 g/pot).P fertilizer was beneficial to the accumulation of ligustilide of rhizomes,and the effects of N fertilizer and K fertilizer were not significant.The content of ligustilide was the highest in N_(2)P_(2)K_(3) treatment.The N_(2)P_(2)K_(3) treatment had the largest mean membership index value and was the optimum fertilization combination for this study.In conclusion,the combined application of appropriate amount of N fertilizer,P fertilizer and K fertilizer was beneficial to the growth of L.chuanxiong,could increase the yield and the active ingredient content of medicinal materials,and N_(2)P_(2)K_(3) treatment was a

关 键 词：川芎 氮肥 磷肥 钾肥 阿魏酸 藁本内酯 “3414”试验 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]