基于民事权利之宅基地“三权分置”研究  

Study on the Separation of Three Rights of Homestead based on Civil Rights

作　　者：王金兰[1] 张晓冬[1] WANG Jin-lan;ZHANG Xiao-dong(Hebei Professional College of Political Science and Law,Shijiazhuang 050061,China)

机构地区：[1]河北政法职业学院,河北石家庄050061

出　　处：《河北法学》2022年第3期156-169,共14页Hebei Law Science

摘　　要：宅基地与地位等级挂钩并对宅基地之转让严格限制是我国古代宅基地制度特色;宅地私人所有、宅基地使用权与所有权分离为我国宅基地制度所确认;宅基地无偿分配制度几近失效、严重的宅基地闲置与空置、屡禁不止的违法占地及隐形交易是当前我国宅基地制度的窘境;对宅基地制度的研究主要集中于所有权的主体、使用权的流转及宅基地资格权的认定及定性;国外土地法地域特色鲜明,在不同主体间对土地权利的细分是普遍做法。基于以上原因与基础,研究宅基地"三权"的法律性质,所有权与使用权属于物权、资格权含有人身权利属性,是不同类型的民事权利。因此,在宅基地民事立法中明确以安全稳定为主以保障宅基地资格权的落实,以经济效益为辅以实现宅基地之财产权价值的立法原则,并适当突破局限于用益物权立法框架,要明确宅基地的财产属性及其特殊性,要明确宅基地使用权的有限流转,要明确宅基地资格权的特殊属性并设立资格权篇。It is the characteristic of homestead system in ancient China that is linked to the status grade and is strictly restricted of the transfer of the homestead.The private ownership of homestead,the separation of the right to use and ownership of homestead are confirmed by the homestead system of our country.The system of free allocation of homestead is nearly invalid,the serious state of idle and vacant homestead,the illegal occupation of land and the invisible transaction are the predicament of the current homestead system in our country.The study on the homestead focuses on the subject of ownership,the circulation of the right to use,and the characterization and determination of the right of homestead qualification.It is a common practice in Foreign Land Law which has distinctive regional characteristics,and the subdivision of land rights among different subjects.Based on the above reasons and basis,this paper studies the legal nature of the“three rights”of homestead.Ownership and the right of use belong to real right,the qualification right contains the attribute of personal right,they are different types of civil rights.Therefore,in the civil legislation of homestead,the legislative principle of ensuring the right of homestead qualification is based on safety and stability,supplemented by economic benefits to realize the value of homestead property right,and appropriate breakthroughs of usufructs limited to the legislative framework.It is necessary to make clear the property attribute and particularity of homestead,the limited circulation of the use right of homestead,the special attribute of homestead qualification right and the establishment of qualification right.

关 键 词：宅基地 三权分置 有限流转 资格权 物权 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]