德国“双元制”职业教育职业资格考试分析——兼谈对我国“X”证书发展的启示  

Analysis of Vocational Qualification Examination in“Dual-system”Vocational Education in Germany——Enlightenments to the Development of“X”Certificate in China

作　　者：吴扬 谢莉花[2] Wu Yang;Xie Lihua(Institute of Vocational Education of Tongji University,Shanghai 201804)

机构地区：[1]同济大学,上海201804 [2]同济大学职业技术教育学院,上海201804

出　　处：《职业技术教育》2021年第34期66-72,共7页Vocational and Technical Education

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金后期资助一般项目“资历框架视域下的职业能力标准体系构建研究”(20FJKB013),主持人:谢莉花。

摘　　要：当前,我国"1+X"证书制度尚处于推进阶段,尤其是职业技能等级证书的开发与考核仍需积极探索与完善。德国"双元制"职业资格考试具有如下特点:联结教育体系与职业体系的"教育职业"作为基础、相辅相成的职业资格证书类型体系、健全的"法律体系+实施机构"的组织机制以及综合职业能力导向的证书考核过程。参考其经验,我国"X"证书未来良性发展需树立核心职业理念,平衡教育性与职业性;明确"X"证书功能定位,实现证书间互融互通;完善"X"证书考核政策,加强培训评价组织建设;聚焦"模式""内容""方式"三要点,完善证书考核过程。At present,the“1+X”certificate system in China is still in the advancing stage.Especially the development and assessment of the vocational skill level certificate(“X Cektificate”)still need to be actively explored.The“dual system”vocational qualification examination in Germany has the following characteristics:the“educational vocation”that connects education system and vocational system,the complementary type system of vocational qualification certificate,the sound organizational mechanism of the“legal policy&implementing agency”,and the comprehensive vocational competence-oriented assessment process of certificates.Based on its experience,the benign development of“X”certificate needs to establish the core concept of vocation and balance the educational and vocational natures;clarify the functional positioning of the“X”certificate to realize the inter-communication between types of certificates;improve the assessment policy of the“X”certificate and strengthen the construction of the training evaluation organizations;focus on three key points of“models”“contents”and“methods”to improve the assessment process of certificates.

关 键 词：“1+X”证书制度 职业技能等级证书 职业资格考试 附加职业资格 “双元制”职业教育 

分 类 号：G719.516[文化科学—职业技术教育学]