平面电机散热器热流建模与尺寸-拓扑并行优化设计  

Thermofluid modeling for concurrent size-topology optimization of heat sinks for planar motors

作　　者：赵家琦 张鸣[1] 朱煜[1] 成荣[1] 李鑫[1] 王磊杰[1] 胡楚雄[1] ZHAO Jiaqi;ZHANG Ming;ZHU Yu;CHENG Rong;LI Xin;WANG Leijie;HU Chuxiong(Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision/Ultra-precision Manufacturing Equipments and Control,State Key Laboratory of Tribology,Department of Mechanical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学机械工程系,摩擦学国家重点实验室,精密超精密制造装备及控制北京市重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第3期400-407,共8页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51677104,51922059);北京市自然科学基金(JQ19010)。

摘　　要：为了提高平面电机水冷散热器热流性能,该文构建了散热器热流模型并开展了"结构尺寸-流道拓扑"并行优化设计。首先,构建了散热器3层热流模型,该模型囊括了盖板与流固混合层的流动/传热耦合效应以及散热器厚度方案对热流场的影响。其次,基于3层热流模型,引入孔隙度域来描述流道拓扑,构建了包含流道拓扑变量与层厚变量的连续伴随结构优化模型,并提出了相应的散热器层厚与流道拓扑并行优化方案。最终,数值案例部分评估了3层热流模型准确性及计算效率、"层厚-流道拓扑"并行优化设计结果热流性能和"尺寸-拓扑"并行优化方案。结果表明:相较于全3D热流模型,所构建的3层热流模型仅需少于10%的计算时间获得了近乎一致的温度场;相较于基准设计,所优化的散热器结构新颖且展现出高达30.82%的目标性能改善;相较于离散优化方案,所提出的并行优化方案高效且取得了具有竞争力的设计。The thermal-hydraulics of water-cooled heat sinks for planar motors were analyzed using a thermofluid model of a heat sink to concurrently optimize the heat sink size and topology. The three-layer thermofluid model of the heat sink included the coupled flow and heat transfer effects between the cover plates and the fluid-solid mixing channel including the influence of the flow channel thickness on the thermal-hydraulics. The model used a porosity model to describe the channel topology and a continuous-adjoint structural optimization model for the geometric variables related to the channel topology and thickness in a concurrent size-topology optimization scheme. Various numerical examples show the accuracy and efficiency of the three-layer thermofluid model and the size-topology optimization scheme. The three-layer model uses 10% less calculational time than full 3 D models while still accurately predicting the temperature distribution. The optimized heat sinks have unique topologies with up to 30.82% better heat transfer than baseline designs. This concurrent approach is efficient and obtains designs that are competitive with discrete optimization approach results.

关 键 词：散热器 热流建模 多层模型 拓扑优化 尺寸优化 并行优化 

分 类 号：O414.19[理学—理论物理]