儿童近视的影响因素及防控方法研究进展  

Research progress on influencing factors and prevent and control methods of children’s myopia

作　　者：李艳[1] LI Yan(Department of Ophthalmology,Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital,Tianjin 300140,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市第四中心医院眼科,天津300140

出　　处：《中国城乡企业卫生》2021年第12期31-33,共3页Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene

摘　　要：视力是指分辨细小的或遥远的物体及细微部分的能力,眼识别远方物体或目标的能力称为远视力,识别近处细小对象或目标的能力称为近视力。而当人体处于放松状态时,5 m外平行光线受眼球屈光系统影响而在视网膜前聚焦,无法准确识别物象,即近视,临床认为其属于屈光不正问题,会降低远视力。在相关资料报告中显示,世界范围内有大量的近视、高度近视患者,且年增长率较高,由于一般情况下近视属于不可逆性病理状态,一旦发生近视便会影响其终生视力,不仅会给患者的正常学习、生活、工作造成影响,随着近视度数的提升,还存在并发其他眼部疾病的风险,例如青光眼、白内障以及视网膜剥离等,严重的甚至可能致盲。近年来,近视已成为影响青少年眼健康的重大公共卫生问题,现阶段儿童中近视的发生率在38%左右,而高度近视约为15%。儿童近视防控工作至关重要,为进一步提高社会群体对儿童近视问题的有效认知,普及全面防控儿童近视的可行性方案,本文在结合既往研究资料的基础上对儿童近视的影响因素以及防控方法两个方面展开综述,为防控儿童近视提供参考方案。Vision refers to the ability to distinguish small or distant objects and subtle parts. The ability of the eye to identify distant objects or targets is called far vision,and the ability to identify nearby small objects or targets is called near vision. When the human body is in a relaxed state,the parallel light outside5 m is focused in front of the retina under the influence of the ocular refractive system,so people cannot accurately identify the object image,which is myopia. Clinically,it is considered to be a refractive error problem,which will reduce the far vision. The relevant data and report shows that there are a large number of patients with myopia and high myopia worldwide,and the annual growth rate is high. Generally,myopia belongs to an irreversible pathological state. Once myopia occurs,it will affect their lifelong vision,which will not only affect their normal study,life and work,but also with the increase of myopia,there is also the risk of other eye diseases,such as glaucoma,cataract and retinal detachment,and even blindness. In recent years,myopia has become a major public health problem affecting the eye health of teenagers. At present,the incidence of myopia among children is about 38%,while that of high myopia is about 15%.The prevention and control of children’s myopia is very important. In order to further improve the effective cognition of social groups on children’s myopia and popularize the feasible scheme of comprehensive prevention and control of children’s myopia,this paper summarizes the influencing factors and prevention and control methods of children’s myopia on the basis of previous research data,to provide a reference scheme for the prevention and control of children’s myopia.

关 键 词：儿童 近视 影响因素 防控方法 

分 类 号：R778.1[医药卫生—眼科]