伊藤清司对《山海经》神怪的民俗诠释  

Seiji Ito’s Folklore Interpretation of Gods and Monsters in The Classic of Mountains and Seas

作　　者：梁奇[1] 陈钰琳 LIANG Qi;CHEN Yulin

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院,上海200444

出　　处：《民俗研究》2022年第2期84-94,159,160,共13页Folklore Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社科项目“唐前社会嬗变与文献中神怪形象演化”(项目编号:15YJA751016)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：神话与民俗密切关联。民俗事象与民俗活动是神话赖以存在、传承的载体,神话是民俗活动的精神内核,通过民俗学的视角可窥测神话的意蕴。日本伊藤清司的《山海经》神怪研究就是这方面的典范。他以西方文化人类学派的理论与方法为指导,以交感巫术为依据,采用"以今证古"的方法阐释神怪内涵,以"形态标准"判别神怪类属,促使《山海经》研究由传统文献考证转向民俗文化阐释。其研究既有利于揭橥神怪的民俗文化内涵,也拓宽了《山海经》的研究视域。但其中亦有不足,如忽视民俗文化的变异性特征,忽略空间场域对文化差异的影响,甚至有过度阐释的现象。审视伊藤的研究,可使学界取长避短,从而助力于推进《山海经》的研究。Myths are closely related to folklore. Folklore items and folklore activities are the carriers on which myths exist and inherit, and myths are the spiritual core of folklore activities. The implication of myths can be seen from the perspective of folklore. Japanese scholar Seiji Ito’s study of the gods and monsters in The Classic of Mountains and Seas is a model in this aspect. Guided by the theories and methods of the western cultural anthropology school and based on sympathetic witchcraft, he adopted the method of “confirming the ancient with the present” to deduce the connotation of the gods and monsters as well as the “morphological criterion” to distinguish the categories of the gods and monsters, thus promoting the study of The Classic of Mountains and Seas to shift from the traditional literature textual research to the interpretation of folk culture. His research not only helps to reveal the meaning of gods and monsters in depth, but also broadens the research horizon of The Classic of Mountains and Seas. But there are also shortcomings, such as neglecting the variability of folkculture, ignoring the impact of spatial field on cultural differences, and even over-interpreting. Examining Ito’s research can help the academic community to learn from its strengths and avoid its weaknesses, thereby contributing to the in-depth study of The Classic of Mountains and Seas.

关 键 词：伊藤清司 《山海经》 民俗文化 范式意义 学术审视 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学] K892[历史地理—民俗学]