文本可读性公式研究发展阶段及特点  

Development stages and characteristics of studies on readability formula

作　　者：王蕾[1] WANG Lei

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学汉语速成学院,100083

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2022年第2期29-40,共12页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“汉语文本可读性测评与分级的跨学科研究”(项目编号:17ZDA305)阶段性成果;北京语言大学校级项目资助(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金)(项目批准号21YBB29)。

摘　　要：文本可读性公式是衡量文本难易度的公式。其研究发展可分为三个阶段:研究标准形成阶段(20世纪20年代到70年代末)、理论反思阶段(20世纪70年代末到90年代末)以及多学科融合发展阶段(20世纪90年代末至今)。文本可读性公式研究经历了“应用指向→理论反思→理论指导下全面发展”的过程,传统研究范式的核心内容未发生变化,仍是未来研究的基础,但文本指标选择与阅读者的认知过程、认知特点结合更为紧密,并发展出多样化的算法,形式也已不仅表现为线性公式,还以更复杂的数学模型方式呈现,研究更加强调预测的准确度。相对而言,汉语二语相关研究仍显薄弱,建立应用性强的可读性公式十分必要。Readability formula is a formula that measures difficulty of texts.According to the common characteristics of different periods,the research on readability formula can be divided into three stages:criterion formulation(from 1920 s to the end of 1970 s),theoretical introspection(from the end of 1970 s to the end of 1990 s)and multi-disciplinary integration(from the end of 1990 s up to now).At first,studies in this field were application-oriented,then theoretical introspection took place,and now it turns to a new stage of all-round development under the theoretic guidance.The core of the traditional studies remains unchanged,forming the base of further studies,but the selection of language features is tightly bound to the process and traits of cognition.And statistical method tends to become algorithms of machine learning.However,the relevant research on Chinese second language is still weak,and it will take time to establish a reliable formula with strong application and wide influence.

关 键 词：可读性公式 文本难易度 阅读材料 语言教学 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]