创新抑或资源再配置:环境规制如何影响总生产率增长?  

Innovation or Reallocation:How Does Environmental Regulation Affect Aggregate Productivity Growth?

作　　者：肖涵月 孙慧[1,2] 王慧[1,2] 辛龙[1,2] XIAO Hanyue;SUN Hui;WANG Hui;XIN Long(Center for Innovation of Management Research of Xinjiang,Xinjiang University,Urumqi Xinjiang 830046,China;College of Economics and Management,Xinjiang University,Urumqi Xinjiang 830046,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学新疆创新管理研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆大学经济与管理学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《生态经济》2022年第4期128-136,153,共10页Ecological Economy

基　　金：国家科技部项目第三次新疆综合科学考察课题“吐哈盆地清洁能源考察和能源矿产开发的生态环境评估”子课题“吐哈盆地国家能源基地建设调查与碳减排潜力评估”(SQ2021xjkk01800);国家自然科学基金项目“新疆资源型产业污染集聚、损益偏离与包容性绿色增长”(71963030);新疆维吾尔自治区社会科学基金项目“碳中和背景下新疆能源发展路径研究”(21BJY050)。

摘　　要：基于中国工业企业的微观数据,以酸雨和二氧化硫控制区政策(两控区政策)为准自然实验,运用三重差分法从企业间和企业内两个层面分析了环境规制对加总全要素生产率的影响。研究结果表明:两控区政策提高了控制区内重点治理行业的总生产率水平,但是并非通过创新补偿发生,而是通过优化企业间资源配置效率发挥作用,这种作用机制在中西部地区表现更为显著,并且加强环境监管力度能使政策更大程度地发挥资源再配置的作用。微观机制分析发现,一方面,两控区政策对企业全要素生产率存在滞后的抑制作用;另一方面,两控区政策提高了低生产率企业的市场退出概率,促进劳动力、资本和补贴收入向高生产率企业再配置,扩大了高生产率企业的市场份额,从而提高了企业间资源配置效率。研究还发现,两控区政策提高了非控制区重点治理行业的市场进入率。Based on the micro data of Chinese industrial enterprises,taking the acid rain and sulfur dioxide control area policy (TCZ policy) as the quasi natural experiment,this paper uses the Difference-in-Difference-in-Differences (DDD) method to analyze the impact of environmental regulation on aggregate total factor productivity from two levels of inter enterprise and intra enterprise.The results show that the TCZ policy improves the total productivity level of key governance industries in the control area,and it does not occur through innovation compensation,but plays a role by optimizing the efficiency of resource allocation among enterprises,this effect is more significant in the central and western regions,and strengthening environmental supervision can make the policy play a greater role in resource reallocation to a greater extent.Micro mechanism analysis shows:on the one hand,the TCZ policy has a lagging inhibitory effect on the total factor productivity of enterprises.On the other hand,the TCZ policy improves the market exit probability of low productivity enterprises,promotes the reallocation of labor,capital and subsidy income to high productivity enterprises,expands the market share of high productivity enterprises,and improves the efficiency of resource allocation among enterprises.Furthermore,we also find that the policy increases the market entry rate of the governed industries in the non-controlled areas.

关 键 词：两控区政策 环境规制 总生产率 资源配置效率 三重差分DDD 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学] F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]