我国中东部地区2015-2020年夏半年PM_(2.5)和臭氧复合污染气象特征分析  

Meteorological Characteristics of PM_(2.5)-O_(3) Air Combined Pollution in Central and Eastern China in the Summer Half Years of 2015-2020

作　　者：花丛 江琪 迟茜元 刘超 HUA Cong;JIANG Qi;CHI Xiyuan;LIU Chao(National Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]国家气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2022年第3期650-658,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2019YFC0214602);国家气象中心预报员专项(No.Y202126)。

摘　　要：为了解我国夏半年大气复合污染特征及其与气象条件的关系,基于2015—2020年夏半年(4—10月)空气质量监测、常规气象观测等资料,结合统计学方法与主观经验开展对比分析.结果表明:分析时段内我国大气污染呈单污染比例升高、臭氧(O_(3))与PM_(2.5)污染“双高”污染事件减少的特征,中东部大部分地区O_(3)超标日数增加、PM_(2.5)超标日数减少的“跷跷板”效应十分明显.通过对污染过程的分析发现,区域O_(3)污染持续性特征明显,其中京津冀及周边地区持续时间超过10 d的O_(3)污染过程共有6次,最长持续时间为15 d.与之相比,复合污染过程表现出离散性(区域污染过程少)、间歇性(持续性过程少)的特征.区域O_(3)污染过程发生时的气象条件一般为最高温度较高、风速较小、混合层高度较低,但东北地区在大气扩散条件较好的情况下仍会出现区域O_(3)污染.通过对地面天气分型的分析发现,均压场型和低压控制型为O_(3)污染出现时最主要的两种地面天气形势,高压控制型下出现O_(3)污染的概率相对较低,京津冀及周边地区在倒槽控制下也有一定概率的O_(3)污染出现.研究显示,我国中东部地区夏半年O_(3)污染影响显著,关注不同地区O_(3)污染与气象条件之间的相关性对于大气复合污染防控有一定积极意义.Based on the air quality monitoring and conventional meteorological observation data from April to October during the years 2015 to 2020,this study was carried out using statistical methods and subjective experience to understand the air pollution characteristics and the relationship with meteorological conditions of China.The results showed that in recent years,the proportion of single pollution days(i.e.,with only ozone pollution or PM_(2.5) pollution)increased,but the frequency of‘double pollution’events(i.e.,both the ozone and PM_(2.5) pollution)decreased.In the central and eastern regions of China,the‘seesaw’effect,i.e.,the ozone pollution days increased with the decline of PM_(2.5) pollution days,was obvious.Through the analysis of different pollution processes,it was found that the regional ozone pollution showed obvious characteristics of long duration.Among them,6 ozone pollution processes lasted more than 10 days in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)and surrounding areas,and the longest duration even reached 15 days.In contrast,the combined pollution processes of ozone and PM_(2.5) showed the characteristics of discrete(less regional pollution processes)and intermittent(less continuous processes).Regional ozone pollution generally occurred under the meteorological conditions of high daily maximum temperature,low wind speed and low mixing layer height.However,regional ozone pollution can also occur in northeast China under the conditions conducive to atmospheric diffusion.By analyzing the ground weather patterns during the pollution periods,it was found that the average pressure field type and the low-pressure control type were the two main ground weather patterns for ozone pollution;the probability of ozone pollution under high-pressure control was relatively lower;there was also a certain probability of ozone pollution under the control of inverted trough in BTH and surrounding areas.The results showed that the ozone pollution in the central and eastern regions of China is relatively serious,and the po

关 键 词：大气复合污染 臭氧(O_(3)) 气象特征 区域污染 天气型 我国中东部地区 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]