近代以来中国刑法“原情酌减”条款源流考——于欢案与施剑翘案的对观与重思  

Study on the Origin and Development of “Examine the Truth and Offer Commutation” in Criminal Law Since Modern China——Contra-observation and Re-think in Yu Huan Case and Shi Jianqiao Case

作　　者：饶传平 Rao Chuanping

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学法学院

出　　处：《法学》2022年第3期35-54,共20页Law Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目《近代中国宪法中的家庭保护条款研究(1908-1954)》(立项批准号19BFX037)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：传统“情理法”司法中,“情”乃“人情”,系指普通人心中皆有的常理、常情;“理”乃“天理”,系指天下人所公认的至公至正之理。“情理法”司法的理想形态是法官的判决既顺应天理、人情,又不悖于国法。晚清民国刑法的“情状可悯恕者”条款,以现代刑法的规范形式承继了传统“情理法”司法的基本精神,是传统法律创造性转化的典范,这使得中国古典法律文化和司法理念在现代法治体系下得以延伸,让法官在不违背罪刑法定、不造成司法擅断的情况下,能够及时回应中国人的“天理”与“人情”观念。于欢案二审防卫过当的论证逻辑,掩盖了刺痛公众神经的辱母情节所蕴含的伦理意义,这根源于我国现行刑法中“情节”概念下的“情理”退隐。晚清民国刑法的“情状可悯恕者”条款及其司法实践,可为“情理”在当代中国刑事立法与司法中的回归提供镜鉴。In the traditional judicial system of“Qing-Li-Fa”,“Qing”means“human sentiment”,which refers to common sense and common feeling of ordinary people,while“Li”means“natural justice”,which refers to the fair and righteousness that universally admitted.The ideal operation of this judicial system may lead to the following vision:the judge’s judgment not only conforms to the natural justice and human sentiment,but also does not contrast to the state law.In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,the clause“discretionary reduction of punishment on the base of situation”which is an component of modern criminal law,inherited the basic spirit of the traditional judicial system of“Qing-Li-Fa”.It is a typical example of creative inheritance of Chinese traditional law.As a result,the classical Chinese legal culture and judicial concepts are accepted by the modern legal system.By this clause,judges may hear a case according to the Chinese concept of“natural justice”and“human sentiments”,without contradict to the principle of legality in the criminal law or causing judicial arbitrariness.In the second trial of Yu Huan’s case,the argumentation for the determination of unjustifiable self-defense does not consider ethical meaning of insulting one’s own mother which generated public outrage.The basic reason for it is that the modern system of criminal law does not consider the situation of the cases.Fortunately,the clause of“discretionary reduction of punishment on the base of situation”in the criminal law of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China and its practice dose provide a reference for accepting“Qing”and“Li”into contemporary Chinese criminal law system.

关 键 词：情状 情节 原情酌减 罪刑法定 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]