丝状真菌——城镇供水系统生物风险和安全保障的新挑战  

Filamentous Fungi: New Challenge and Safety Control of Biological Risk in Urban Water Supply System

作　　者：文刚 吴戈辉 万琪琪 常宝春 徐源源 黄廷林[1,2] WEN Gang;WU Gehui;WAN Qiqi;CHANG Baochun;XU Yuanyuan;HUANG Tinglin(Northwest China Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment Ecology,School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi′an 710055,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering,School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi′an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710055 [2]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,陕西省环境工程重点实验室,陕西西安710055

出　　处：《净水技术》2022年第3期1-11,19,共12页Water Purification Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51678472、51978557);陕西省杰出青年科学基金(2018JC-026);陕西省重点研发计划(2020ZDLSF06-05);陕西高校青年创新团队。

摘　　要：丝状真菌是具有完整细胞结构的真核生物,其基本形态是单细胞孢子和多细胞菌丝体。丝状真菌在城镇供水系统中广泛存在,会造成严重的人类健康风险和水污染问题,然而,因真菌很少引起急性疾病,供水系统中真菌污染问题未受到足够重视。但是,供水系统中的真菌对免疫力低下的老人和小孩影响很大。在不同水源中均能频繁检测出丝状真菌,传统水处理工艺过程能大幅降低真菌数量,但深度水处理工艺生物活性炭出水真菌浓度升高,具有很高的生物风险;传统氯消毒不能有效控制水中真菌,管网输配过程真菌容易二次繁殖并进入用户家中,引发真菌生物风险。目前,供水系统中真菌污染的研究还处于初级阶段,还有很多问题值得进一步研究。水中真菌的快速检测方法、快速暴发条件、安全高效消毒方法以及真菌毒素的控制是今后的研究方向。需要从水源、水厂、联合消毒、管网等多方面控制丝状真菌污染,建立多单元协同控制真菌污染的多级屏障体系,保障供水安全。Filamentous fungi are eukaryotes with complete cellular structure, including both single-cellular spores and multi-cellular fungal mycelium. Fungal contamination is widespread in urban water supply system, which will cause serious human health risks and water pollution problems. However, because fungi do not cause acute illness, the problem of fungal contamination in drinking water has not received enough attention. However, fungi present in drinking water may cause severe fungal infections in immunosuppressed old man and children. Filamentous fungi can be frequently detected in different water sources. Traditional water treatment process can efficiently reduce the number of fungi, however the fungal concentration in the effluent of advanced treatment biological activated carbon increases, which has a great biological risk. Traditional chlorine disinfection cannot effectively control waterborne fungi. In the process of water distribution, fungi are prone to second propagation and enter the consumers’ tap water, causing fungal biological risks. At present, the research on fungal contamination in water supply system is still in the primary stage, and there are still many problems to be further addressed. Rapid detection method, rapid outbreak conditions, efficient disinfection methods and mycotoxin control strategies in water are the main research direction. It is necessary to prevent filamentous fungal contamination from the aspects of water source, water plant, combined disinfection, pipeline network, etc., and to establish a multi-unit barrier system for cooperative control of fungal contamination to ensure the safety of water supply system.

关 键 词：城镇供水系统 丝状真菌 研究现状 发展趋势 安全保障对策 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TU991[建筑科学—市政工程]