10个核桃无性系鲜果内种皮苦涩味相关物质及易剥性比较  

Comparison of bitter taste-related substances and peeling difficulty of fresh nut endotesta among ten walnut clones

作　　者：王芳[1,2,3,4] 郑先强 糜加轩 吕健 朱艳 时羽杰 万雪琴[1,2,3,4] 杨汉波 WANG Fang;ZHENG Xianqiang;MI Jiaxuan;LYU Jian;ZHU Yan;SHI Yujie;WAN Xueqin;YANG Hanbo(Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China;National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China;Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China;Institute of Ecology&Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China;Xuanhan Forestry Bureau in Dazhou City,Dazhou 635017,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学长江上游林业生态工程四川省重点实验室,四川成都611130 [2]四川农业大学长江上游森林资源保育与生态安全国家林业和草原局重点实验室,四川成都611130 [3]四川农业大学华西雨屏区人工林生态系统研究长期科研基地,四川成都611130 [4]四川农业大学生态林业研究所,四川成都611130 [5]达州市宣汉县林业局,四川达州635017

出　　处：《经济林研究》2022年第1期66-73,共8页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：四川省重点研发计划项目(2021YFYZ0032);四川农业大学本科生科研兴趣培养计划项目(2021234)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选出内种皮苦涩味轻且内种皮易去除的优良核桃无性系,为鲜食核桃专用品种的开发和利用提供参考。【方法】以10个优良核桃无性系的鲜果为材料,测定其内种皮的单宁含量、黄酮含量、多酚含量、多糖含量、内种皮厚度和去皮耗时共6个指标,通过方差分析、多重比较及重复力估算,研究不同核桃无性系内种皮苦涩味相关物质含量、多糖含量和易剥性的变异规律,并采用独立选择标准法对10个无性系进行评价。【结果】92号无性系鲜果内种皮的单宁含量最高(11.54 mg/g),64号无性系鲜果的该指标值最低(2.81 mg/g)。各无性系鲜果内种皮的多糖含量为2.41~5.77 mg/g,其中301号无性系内种皮多糖含量最高。91号无性系鲜果内种皮的黄酮含量和多酚含量均高于其他无性系,且差异达到极显著水平。参试无性系鲜果的内种皮厚度为0.10~0.25 mm,去除内种皮耗时1.53~2.82 min,其中72号无性系的内种皮最易去除,去除65号无性系内种皮耗时最长。各核桃无性系鲜果内种皮各性状的重复力均在0.850以上,说明参试核桃无性系内种皮的易剥性和苦涩味物质性状具有较高的遗传稳定性。【结论】核桃86号无性系鲜果易去除内种皮,且其内种皮中多酚、单宁等苦涩味相关物质含量相对较低,可作为鲜食核桃品种进一步开发利用。【Objective】The excellent walnut clones with light bitterness and easy removal of endotesta were screened to provide reference for the development and utilization of special varieties of fresh walnut.【Method】Using the fresh fruits of 10 excellent walnut clones as materials,the tannin content,flavonoids content,polyphenol content,polysaccharide content,endotesta thickness and peeling time-consuming were determined.Through analysis of variance,multiple comparisons and estimation of repeatability,the variation rules of bitterness and astringency-related substance content,polysaccharide content and peelability of seed coats in different walnut clones were studied,and the independent selection criteria method was used to evaluate 10 clones.【Result】No.92 clone had the highest tannin content(11.54 mg/g),while No.64 clone had the lowest tannin content(2.81 mg/g).The content of polysaccharide in each clone ranged from 2.41 to 5.77 mg/g,and the content of polysaccharide in seed coat of No.301 clone was the highest.The content of flavonoids and polyphenols in seed skin of No.91 clones were higher than those of other clones,and the difference reached a very significant level.The thickness of seed coat in the tested clones ranged from 0.10 to 0.25 mm,and the time-consuming required to peel endotesta ranged from 1.53 to 2.82 min.Among them,endotesta of No.72 was the easiest to be removed,and endotesta of No.65 took the longest duration.The repeatability of each character in walnut seed coat was more than 0.850,indicating that walnut seed coat peelability and bitter substance character in walnut clone had high genetic stability.【Conclusion】The results showed that walnut clone No.86 had the excellent characteristics of easy removal of endotesta,and relatively low content of bitter-flavored substances such as polyphenols and tannins in the endotesta,which could be further developed and utilized as fresh walnut varieties.

关 键 词：核桃 无性系 内种皮 苦涩味 易剥性 遗传变异 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]