不同贮藏方式对菊芋块茎品质的影响  

Effect of various storage methods on the quality of Jerusalem artichoke tubers

作　　者：张宇 门果桃 马郁瑾 兰开龙 尹春艳 张立华 王黎胜 ZHANG Yu;MEN Guotao;MA Yujin;LAN Kailong;YIN Chunyan;ZHANG Lihua;WANG Lisheng(Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;The Agricultural and Livestock Product Quality and Safety Center of Hulun Buir City,Hailar 021008,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [2]呼伦贝尔市农畜产品质量安全中心,内蒙古海拉尔021008

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2022年第1期52-58,共7页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2018LH03004);内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院青年创新基金项目(2018QNJJN02);内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院创新基金项目(2019CXJJN04)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确不同贮藏方式对菊芋块茎品质的影响,为菊芋块茎贮藏保鲜技术的改进提供参考。【方法】以土默川菊芋为试验材料,块茎收获晾干后采取窖藏、库藏和土藏方式贮藏,每隔30 d测定块茎干物质、还原糖和菊糖含量,观测块茎外观变化,计算腐烂率和萌发率。【结果】3种贮藏方式下,菊芋块茎的干物质、还原糖、菊糖含量均差异显著(P<0.05)。贮藏120 d时,窖藏、库藏和土藏干物质含量分别下降10.40%、16.77%和27.83%;还原糖含量分别下降44.54%、12.82%和上升51.13%;菊糖含量分别下降11.60%、4.45%和33.47%。3种贮藏方式下,窖藏方式菊芋块茎腐烂率、萌发率均为0;库藏方式出现部分菊芋块茎腐烂,120 d腐烂率为7%;土藏方式出现菊芋块茎萌发,120 d萌发率为97%。【结论】窖藏可有效延长菊芋块茎贮藏保鲜时间,降低营养物质消耗,维持较好的外观和品质;土藏方式贮藏90 d内菊芋块茎外观没有变化,贮藏90 d后菊糖含量显著下降。从贮藏成本和保鲜效果两个方面来看,菊芋块茎可以采取土藏、窖藏或者二者相结合的贮藏方式,保证块茎品质,延长贮藏时间。【Objective】To determine the effect of various storage methods on the quality of Jerusalem artichoke tubers in order to provide a reference for the advancement of Jerusalem artichoke tubers storage and preservation technologies.【Methods】The tubers of Tumet Jerusalem artichoke were preserved in cellars,warehouses,and the soil once they were harvested and dried.Every 30 days,the dry matter,reducing sugar,and inulin contents were tested,and variations in tuber appearance were noticed,as well as the rotting rate and germination rate were calculated.【Results】Under three storage methods,the quantities of dry matter,reducing sugar,and inulin of Jerusalem artichoke tubers varied significantly(P<0.05).After 120 d of storage,the dry matter content of the cellar,warehouse,and soil storage decreased by 10.40%,16.77%,and 27.83%,whereas the inulin content decreased by 11.60%,4.45%,and 33.47%,respectively.The reducing sugar content decreased by 44.54%,12.82%for cellar and warehouse storage,and increased by 51.13%for the soil storage.The rotting rate and germination rate of Jerusalem artichoke tubers were both zero after cellaring.Some tubers rotted in warehouse storage,with a 7%rotting rate after 120 d.For soil storage,Jerusalem artichoke tubers germination appeared,with a 97%germination rate after 120 d.【Conclusion】Cellaring successfully extended Jerusalem artichoke tubers storage and preservation duration,reduced nutrient consumption,and preserved good appearance and quality.Within 90 d of soil storage,the appearance of Jerusalem artichoke tubers remained unchanged,yet the inulin content reduced dramatically.The Jerusalem artichoke tubers could be stored in the soil,the cellar,or a combination of the two to ensure tuber quality and extend storage period.

关 键 词：菊芋块茎 贮藏 干物质 还原糖 菊糖 

分 类 号：S632.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]