土壤改良剂对稀土矿尾砂地植物生长的影响  

Effects of soil amendments on plant growth of rare earth ore tailings

作　　者：张海娜 刘诚 黄伟 郭邦润 王龙胜 鲁向晖[1] ZHANG Haina;LIU Cheng;HUANG Wei;GUO Bangrun;WANG Longsheng;LU Xianghui(Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed-Breeding and Utilization of Camphor Tree;Yaohu College,Nanchang Institute of Technology,Nanchang 330099,China;Xunwu Soil Conservation Service,Xunwu 342200,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌工程学院江西省樟树繁育与开发利用工程研究中心,江西南昌330099 [2]南昌工程学院瑶湖学院,江西南昌330099 [3]寻乌县水土保持局,江西寻乌342200

出　　处：《南昌工程学院学报》2022年第1期83-88,共6页Journal of Nanchang Institute of Technology

基　　金：江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ190946,GJJ190977);江西省林业局林业科技创新专项([2020]07-0104);江西省科协重点活动项目;寻乌县科技支撑计划项目;江西省大学生创新创业计划资助项目(S202011319001);国家级大学生创新创业计划项目(202011319002).

摘　　要：稀土开采产生的废弃稀土尾砂严重影响稀土矿区的植被恢复。比较分析了不同土壤改良剂对稀土尾砂供试植物狼尾草、高羊茅和多年生黑麦草生长的影响及土壤改良效果。结果表明相比较无添加稀土尾砂,添加质量比3%和6%鸡粪或草木灰的尾砂,有助于促进植物的株高、根长和生物量的积累,且添加鸡粪的促进作用优于草木灰;3种植物在3%或6%鸡粪添加量中的株高、根长和生物量显著高于9%添加量(P<0.05);在草木灰的3种添加量中,除了高羊茅的生物量无显著差异(P>0.05)外,3种植物在3%和6%添加量中的根长和生物量显著高于9%添加量(P<0.05),而3%和6%添加量在3种植物之间表现出不同的生长效果。在土壤改良方面,添加草木灰和鸡粪分别在提高土壤pH和促进植物生长方面作用显著,且3%或6%土壤改良剂添加中植物的生长效果显著高于9%添加量(P<0.05)。综上,在稀土尾砂治理中,基于土壤改良剂的成本考虑,宜将草木灰和鸡粪以3%的质量比配合施入来改良稀土尾砂。The waste rare-earth tailings produced by rare-earth mining seriously affect the vegetation restoration of rare-earth mining areas.By studying the effects of different soil amendments on the growth of the tested plants like Pennisetum alopecuroides,Festuca elata and Lolium perenne,plant growth and the improvement effect on the tailings substrate were compared and analyzed.The results were presented as follows:Compared with blank rare earth tailings,adding medium and low doses of plant ash or chicken manure(mass ratio 3%-6%)can promote the accumulation of plant height,root length and biomass,among which the promotion effect of chicken manure is better than that of plant ash.The height,root length and biomass of the three plants in low or medium chicken manure supplemental level were significantly higher than those in high manure supplemental level(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the biomass of Festuca elata among the three grass ash supplemental levels(P>0.05).The root length and biomass of the three plants at low or medium supplemental levels were significantly higher than those at high supplemental levels(P<0.05),while the growth effects of low and medium supplemental levels were inconsistent among the three plants.In terms of soil improvement effects,the pH value and water content in rare earth tailings were better under plant ash condition than those under chicken manure condition with the same additive amount.In conclusion,plant ash and chicken manure played significant roles in increasing pH value and promoting plant growth of rare earth tailings,respectively,and the plant growth effect at low or medium soil conditioner supplemental level was significantly higher than that at high soil conditioner supplemental level.Therefore,considering the cost of soil conditioner,3%mass ratio of plant ash and chicken manure should be combined to improve rare earth tailings.

关 键 词：稀土尾砂 土壤改良剂 酸化土壤 生物量积累 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]