大田土壤电导率快速检测系统设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Rapid Detection System for Field Soil Conductivity

作　　者：韩长杰 杨文奇 窦汉杰 王秀[2,3] 胡丽娜 翟长远 HAN Changjie;YANG Wenqi;DOU Hanjie;WANG Xiu;HU Li na;ZHAI Changyuan(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China;National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]北京农业智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097 [3]国家农业智能装备工程技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2022年第3期301-310,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0701101);2021年度农业智能装备技术北京市重点实验室建设项目(PT2021-15);中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划重点项目(2020530000241031)。

摘　　要：为评价土壤肥力、生产能力及制作精准施肥处方,基于四端法原理设计了一种车载式大田土壤电导率快速检测系统,系统包括交流恒流信号源、信号检测调理电路及GNSS定位系统,可实现土壤田块不同区域内电导率的快速检测。通过试验探究土壤含水率、土壤浸出液电导率、电极入土深度、土壤温度对电极输出信号的影响规律并根据试验结果回归得出预测模型,模型决定系数R^(2)为0.9961。将系统安装到土壤电导率检测装置上进行大田试验,基于回归预测模型对系统检测数据进行计算,并与实验室土壤采样检测的实际值进行比较,试验结果表明,实验室建立的回归模型可用于大田土壤浸出液电导率计算,该系统在相同或相近路径上得到的传感器数据较为稳定,土壤浸出液电导率预测值与该区域系统检测值趋势相似,该系统预测模型可用于大田中快速实时检测电导率。Soil conductivity is an important parameter of soil environment and can be used as an important data to evaluate soil fertility and productivity and make precise fertilization prescriptions.Based on the principle of“four-terminal method”,a vehicle-mounted fast detection and acquisition system for soil conductivity in field was designed.The system included AC constant current signal source,signal detection and conditioning circuit,and GNSS positioning system,which can realize fast detection of soil conductivity in different areas.The influence laws of soil water content,soluble salt conductivity,electrode penetration depth and soil temperature on four-terminal electrode output signal were explored through four-factor and five-level center combination experiment,and the predictive regression equation of conductivity of soil solution(ECw)was established.The regression coefficient R^(2) of the equation was 0.9961.The field tests were carried out with the system installed on the soil conductivity testing device.The system detection data were calculated based on the regression equation and compared with the actual values of the laboratory soil sample testing.The test results showed that the regression model established in the laboratory could be used to calculate the conductivity of field soil solution.The sensor data obtained by the system on the same or similar path were stable.The predicted value of soil solution conductivity had a similar trend with the actual value in this region,and could be used for fast and real-time detection of soil solution conductivity(ECw)in field.The research result can lay a foundation for further research on variable fertilization control technology based on soil conductivity.

关 键 词：土壤 电导率 四端法 快速检测 变量施肥 

分 类 号：S24[农业科学—农业电气化与自动化]