高原铁路极高地应力环境隧道主动支护设计方法研究  

Study on Design Method for Active Support for Plateau Railway Tunnels in High Energy Geological Environment

作　　者：田四明 吴克非 刘大刚[2,3] 王明年[2,3] 王志龙 董宇苍[2,3] TIAN Siming;WU Kefei;LIU Dagang;WANG Mingnian;WANG Zhilong;DONG Yucang(China Railway Economic and Planning Research Institute,Beijing 100038,China;School of Civil Engineering,Southwest Jiaotoug University,Chengdu 610031,China;Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering,Ministry of Education,Southwest Jiaotoug University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路经济规划研究院有限公司,北京100038 [2]西南交通大学土木工程学院,四川成都610031 [3]西南交通大学隧道工程教育部重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《铁道学报》2022年第3期39-63,共25页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(P2019G038-5)。

摘　　要：目前高能地质环境隧道支护结构的设计仍是隧道领域一大难题,主要包括高地应力软岩与高地应力硬岩支护结构设计问题,而支护结构设计的合理与否是保证隧道稳定性的关键,加之高原铁路高能地质环境隧道段占比较大,故需对高能地质环境隧道设计问题进行深入研究。首先在现有研究成果基础上,对我国铁路隧道设计理论及设计方法进行了系统性总结,并对高能地质环境下隧道的研究进行分析。针对高地应力软岩隧道修建技术难题,提出高地应力软岩隧道变形主动控制设计理念,并以掌子面为界限,提出掌子面超前变形控制及洞身收敛变形控制的全变形控制设计原则;通过理论分析,利用空腔球模型,基于Mohr-Coulomb准则,推导建立深埋隧道掌子面挤出变形解析解,提出高地应力软岩隧道超前支护(掌子面注浆、掌子面锚杆)设计方法;同时,采用弹性力学、塑性增量理论与有限差分原理,考虑软岩非线性变形与强度特性的力学参数变化模型,推导出考虑软岩非线性变形与强度特性的围岩应力、位移有限差分解析解;并基于收敛约束法,建立洞身支护结构设计方法;其次,针对高地应力硬岩隧道设计施工难题,从能量释放角度推导岩爆隧道的冲击荷载计算方法,组合松散荷载,给出岩爆隧道的荷载计算模型及支护结构设计方法。最后,论述大型机械化配套施工、支护结构高质量施作技术是保证隧道稳定性的前提,规划建设过程中应予以重视。研究成果旨在为高原铁路高能环境隧道超前支护设计及洞身支护设计提供理论基础,以期进一步提升我国高能地质环境隧道变形(岩爆)主动控制技术水平。At present,the design of the tunnel support structure in high-energy geological environment is still a major problem in the tunnel field,including the design of high-in-situ stress soft rock and high-in-situ hard rock support structure.Reasonable support structure design,which is the key to ensure the stability of the tunnel,and the high-energy geological environment tunnel section,which accounts for a large proportion of the railway,require in-depth research on the design of such tunnels.Firstly,on the basis of the existing research results,a systematic summary of the design theory and design methods of railway tunnels in China was carried out,followed by the study of tunnels under high-energy geological environments.In view of the technical challenges in the construction of high in-situ stress soft rock tunnels,the design concept of active deformation control for high in-situ stress soft rock tunnels was proposed.With the tunnel face as the boundary,the full deformation control design of tunnel face advanced deformation control and tunnel body convergent deformation control was proposed.Through theoretical analysis,and based on the cavity ball model and the Mohr-Coulomb criterion,the analytical solution of the extrusion deformation of the deep buried tunnel face was deduced,and the design method of the advanced support(face grouting and face bolt)of the high in-situ stress soft rock tunnel was put forward.At the same time,using elastic mechanics,plastic incremental theory and finite difference principle,and considering the mechanical parameter change model of nonlinear deformation and strength characteristics of soft rock,the finite difference analytical solution of surrounding rock stress and displacement considering the nonlinear deformation and strength characteristics of soft rock was derived.Based on the convergence constraint method,the design method of tunnel supporting structure was established.Secondly,in view of the design and construction problems of high in-situ stress hard rock tunnels,the impact l

关 键 词：高地应力软岩 高地应力硬岩 挤出变形 超前支护 洞身支护 主动支护 

分 类 号：U25[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]