堆肥厂不同工作区空气真菌的多样性与群落结构  

Diversity and Community Structure of Airborne Fungi in Different Working Areas of Composting Plants

作　　者：于奥园 邢礼军[3] 孙兴滨[1] 仇天雷[2] 王旭明[2] 高敏[2] YU Ao-yuan;XING Li-jun;SUN Xing-bin;QIU Tian-lei;WANG Xu-ming;GAO Min(College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Beijing Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center,Beijing 100097,China;Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]北京农业生物技术研究中心,北京100097 [3]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第3期1315-1322,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51878053,41961134033);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20200402);家禽产业技术体系北京市创新团队专项(BAIC04-2021);北京市拔尖人才项目(2018000021223ZK13)。

摘　　要：动物粪便堆肥厂是空气中真菌的重要来源.目前对其不同工作区逸散真菌的种类和丰度差异尚无相关报道,无法全面评估堆肥厂空气真菌的生态健康风险.针对这一问题,对动物粪便堆肥厂的堆肥区、包装区、办公区和下风向区空气样本进行采集,利用高通量测序技术对4个区域空气中真菌的生物多样性和群落结构进行分析,并进一步对办公区及下风向区空气真菌的来源进行研究.结果表明,所调查堆肥厂的包装区和堆肥区空气中真菌的丰富度和多样性均为最高.4个工作区相对丰度最高的2个真菌菌门相同,均为Ascomycota和Basidiomycota.整体上,厂内外不同区域空气中优势真菌菌属分布规律有所差异,Trichocomaceae和Davidiella为厂内3个工作区的优势菌属.在所检测到的136个真菌菌属中,堆肥区和包装区空气中特有菌属数量最多,其中52.94%的菌属为4个区域共有.在真菌属水平上,堆肥厂内3个区域空气中群落结构更为相似.不同工作区关键菌属的分析结果表明,下风向区与包装区和堆肥区之间的差异性菌属数量最多,而包装区与堆肥区空气中未检测到具有统计学差异的菌属.溯源分析结果显示,包装区和堆肥区对办公区和下风向区空气中真菌菌属的贡献率在9.52%~15.85%之间.结果将为评估堆肥厂不同工作区空气真菌暴露与人类健康的关系,以及其对周围空气环境的生态影响提供基础数据.Composting plants are an important source of airborne fungi.At present,no research has been reported on differences in the types and abundance of escaped fungi in different working areas,which makes it very difficult to comprehensively assess the ecological health risks of the air in composting plants.In light of this situation,this study collected air samples from the composting,packaging,office,and downwind areas of the composting plants and used high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze and compare the biological diversity and community structure of airborne fungi in the four areas.The source of airborne fungi in offices and downwind areas was further traced.The results showed that the highest abundance and diversity of airborne fungi were found in the packing and composting areas of the composting plants.Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were two fungal phyla with the highest relative abundance in the four regions.Overall,the distribution of dominant fungal genera differed;Trichocomaceae and Davidiella were the dominant genera in three areas of the composting plants.Among the 136 detected fungal genera,the number of endemic airborne fungal genera in the composting and packaging area was the largest,and 52.94%of the fungal genera was shared by the four areas.At the level of fungal genera,the community structures in the air in three areas of the composting plants were similar.The statistical difference analysis results of the key genera in different areas of the composting plants showed that the number of different fungal genera between the downwind,packaging,and composting areas was the largest,and no statistically different fungal genera were detected in the air between the packaging and composting areas.The Source Tracker analysis results showed that the contribution percentage of the packaging and composting areas to the airborne fungi in the office and downwind areas was between 9.52%-15.85%.The results of this study will provide basic data for evaluating the relationship between airborne fungal exposure

关 键 词：堆肥厂 空气真菌 生物多样性 群落结构 溯源分析 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]