地膜覆盖对农田土壤养分和生态酶计量学特征的影响  

Effects of Plastic Mulch Film on Soil Nutrients and Ecological Enzyme Stoichiometry in Farmland

作　　者：胡志娥 肖谋良 王双 童瑶瑶 鲁顺保[1] 陈剑平 葛体达 HU Zhi-e;XIAO Mou-liang;WANG Shuang;TONG Yao-yao;LU Shun-bao;CHEN Jian-ping;GE Ti-da(College of Life Sciences,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China;State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products,Institute of Plant Virology,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学生命科学学院,南昌330022 [2]宁波大学植物病毒学研究所农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室,宁波315211

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第3期1649-1656,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：英国自然环境研究理事会全球挑战研究基金项目(NE/V005871/1);宁波大学王宽诚基金项目;国家自然科学基金项目(31760136);江西省自然科学基金项目(20201BAB204237)。

摘　　要：生态酶计量比可以用来衡量土壤微生物能量和养分资源限制状况.为明确地膜覆盖后农田土壤生态酶计量学特征,选取地膜覆盖下不同残膜积累量的农田土壤,利用荧光分析法测定其碳氮磷循环关键过程中的β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)和磷酸酶(ACP)的活性.探讨地膜覆盖对农田土壤养分循环和供应的影响.结果表明,施用化肥的土壤,覆膜使Olsen-P和NO_(3)^(-)-N分别降低至不覆膜土壤的48%~62%和16%~24%;而有机-无机配施的土壤,两者在覆膜条件下分别提高了144%~203%和1.9~5.1倍.覆膜下SOC∶TN在有机-无机配施土壤中降低了6.6%~25.8%,而SOC∶TP和TN∶TP却显著增加.覆膜土壤中MBC含量均显著低于不覆膜的土壤,然而由于MBN和MBP也随之降低,MBC∶MBN和MBC∶MBP无显著差异;覆膜使MBN∶MBP在S1和S2分别降低了36.6%和23.8%,而在S3和S4中分别提高了5.4和1.3倍.土壤中NAG∶ACP计量比与微生物生物量中相对应的元素的计量比趋势相似;而覆膜下BG∶NAG在有机-无机配施土壤中比单施化肥提高了1.3~15倍.结果表明,覆膜降低土壤养分的有效性,通过有机-无机配施的方式可以一定程度上缓解覆膜土壤养分的限制.通过深化对地膜覆盖后土壤微生物对养分循环响应的认识,为地膜的合理使用提供理论依据.Ecological enzyme stoichiometry can be used to evaluate the limit of soil microbial energy and nutrient resources.To illustrate the effects of plastic mulch film on soil ecological enzyme stoichiometry in farmland,this study collected soil with different amounts of mulching film residual and used the fluorescence analysis to determine the activities of key enzymes for the carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus cycle processes includingβ-1,4-glycosidase(BG),β-1,4-N-acetyl amino glycosidase(NAG),and phosphatase(ACP)activity.This study investigated the effects of plastic mulch film on soil nutrient cycling and supply in farmland.The results showed that in the soil with chemical fertilizer,plastic film mulching decreased soil Olsen-P and NO_(3)^(-)-N contents to 48%-62%and 16%-24%of those in the soil without plastic film mulching,respectively.In the soil with the combined application of organic-chemical fertilizers,plastic film mulching increased Olsen-P and NO_(3)^(-)-N contents by 144%-203%and 1.9-5.1 times,respectively.In the organic-chemical fertilization soils,plastic film mulching decreased SOC∶TN in soils by 6.6%-25.8%,whereas it increased SOC∶TP and TN∶TP significantly.MBC,MBN,and MBP contents in the soil with plastic film mulching were significantly lower than that in non-plastic film mulching farmland,and there were no significant differences in MBC∶MBN and MBC∶MBP between soil with and without plastic film mulching.The MBN∶MBP was reduced by 36.6%and 23.8%in S1 and S2,and 5.4 and 1.3 times in S3 and S4 by plastic film mulching,respectively.The change pattern of NAG∶ACP in soil was similar to that of the corresponding elements ratio in microbial biomass.In the soil from plastic film mulching,the ratio of BG∶NAG was 1.3-15 times higher in organic-chemical fertilization soils than that with only chemical fertilizer.In conclusion,plastic film mulching reduced the availability of soil nutrients,and organic-chemical fertilization alleviated the limitation of soil nutrients to a certain extent.This stud

关 键 词：地膜 微塑料 胞外酶活性 微生物生物量 化学计量学 土壤养分 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]