质量能力与技术创新效率——质量升级视角  

Quality capability and technological innovation efficiency——A study from the quality upgrade perspective

作　　者：张志强[1] 张玺 Zhang Zhiqiang;Zhang Xi(School of Management,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《科研管理》2022年第2期90-99,共10页Science Research Management

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金项目:“质量管理成熟性对北京市科技型企业技术创新的影响及协同策略研究”(9194029,2019—2020);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目:“后疫情背景下双元质量能力与制造企业转型升级:影响机制与匹配对策”(2020SKGL03,2020)。

摘　　要：质量能力与技术创新都是建立企业竞争优势的关键,但在理论中缺乏其相关性的定量实证研究,在实践中也往往割裂看待。本文提出企业四大质量能力定义和定量指标;根据北京市168家制造企业的调查数据,基于质量升级视角,使用三分位数法将企业划分为低、中、高三类质量能力;采用三阶段DEA模型探究低、中、高三种质量能力的技术创新效率的异质性。结果表明:质量能力升级对于企业技术创新效率存在显著促进作用,质量能力的升级必然带来技术创新效率的提升;环境影响因素中劳动者受教育程度对企业技术创新效率有显著的正向影响,成立年限对企业技术创新效率有显著的负向影响;低质量能力制约了企业的技术创新效率,技术创新规模不合理也是导致企业技术创新效率低下的重要原因。本研究不仅丰富了企业核心能力与企业创新等领域的研究空间;同时也为企业通过积极实施全面质量管理,不断提升质量能力,进而促进企业技术创新竞争优势提供了参考;并为政府将企业微观质量能力升级作为带动技术创新提供了充分论证。Quality has become an important bottleneck restricting China′s economic development under the "new normal". Through actual surveys and related research results of manufacturing companies in Beijing, it is found that manufacturing companies mostly have quality capability problems such as lack of quality planning, inadequate quality control, incomplete quality assurance, and low-quality improvement, and technological innovation issues such as insufficient investment in technological innovation and lack of technological innovation achievements. Quality capability has an important impact on technological innovation. Some basic concepts of quality management, such as customer orientation, process management, and continuous improvement, all play an important role in innovation. A series of quality management systems and methods, such as Performance Excellence Model, ISO9001, Design for Six Sigma, Quality Function Deployment, are widely used in innovation management practices. Quality management runs through the entire process of enterprise innovation. The stimulation, realization, and diffusion of industrial innovation all require a quality management process to ensure the effectiveness of innovation. There have been many studies on the impact of quality management practices on innovation, and both promotion and inhibition are involved. However, the existing research has not formed a comprehensive understanding of the definition and dimensions of the enterprise′s micro-quality capabilities, and lacks theoretical guidance. What is the mechanism of the relationship between the quality capabilities and technological innovation efficiency? Do different levels of quality capabilities differentiate the efficiency of technological innovation? These problems still lack quantitative empirical research.In order to fill in the research gaps above, this paper refers to the definitions of core competence theory pioneers Prahalad and Hamel from the perspective of quality upgrade and defines quality capability as the ability basi

关 键 词：质量能力 技术创新效率 质量升级 三阶段DEA模型 

分 类 号：F272.3[经济管理—企业管理]