空间运动事件的二语表达和汉语复合动词的习得  

The Acquisition of Chinese RVCs in Motion Event Expressions

作　　者：纪瑛琳 JI Ying-lin(Research Centre for Language and Cognition,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,Guangdong,518060)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学语言与认知研究中心,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第1期49-59,共11页Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences

基　　金：英国学术院(British Academy)资助项目“Cognitive and linguistic representation of space in Chinese and English”(PF100022)。

摘　　要：在二语习得领域探究空间运动事件的表达尚属比较新的研究尝试。从运动事件表达视角出发,考察以英语为母语、以汉语为外语的高、中、低3组不同水平学习者如何习得汉语的复合动词形式,并与汉语母语者的表现进行比较。考察内容聚焦于3个方面:第一,从形式上看,学习者是否习得了复合动词的内部结构(即:成分组成及排序、词汇地位);第二,从词化模式上看,是否习得了复合动词中语义要素和语法范畴的对应关系(即:词化模式);第三,从句法环境上看,是否习得了复合动词出现的典型句法环境(即:单句)。结果发现,高水平二语习得者的表现与母语人群大致相似。首先,他们基本摆脱了英语中单极化动词的倾向,较频繁地使用复合动词形式,并能正确认知其词汇地位;其次,对运动事件中的方式、路径等语义要素均能在典型语法成分中表达;再次,基本掌握了复合动词出现的典型句法环境,能够以一种相对紧凑的方式在小句范围内进行语义信息的分布。相比之下,中、低水平的学习者未能习得汉语运动事件的典型词化模式,虽然大致掌握了复合动词的内部成分及排序,但很难正确选择特定的语法范畴和句法结构对语义信息进行编码。实验表明,二语习得过程不仅仅是语法知识的学习,更重要的是概念系统的转换和重置。源语言与目标语的类型学距离、语法知识的复杂程度和语言特异性等诸多因素均会对习得过程和结果产生重要影响。This study investigates how English-Chinese second language learners of different proficiencies(i.e.advance,intermediate,low),as compared to native speakers of Chinese,acquire the Resultative Verb Compound(RVC)in a specific context of motion event expressions.The investigation focuses on three aspects:a.if,and how,they acquire the internal structure of RVCs(i.e.components and their sequencing),b.if,and how,they acquire the typical way semantic ingredients are projected onto grammatical categories(i.e.lexicalization patterns),c.if,and how,they acquire the syntactic construction where an RVC typically occurs(i.e.simplex clause).Our results show that the advanced L2 learners behaved like native speakers of Chinese.They generally got rid of the feature of“verb polarization”in their source language and produced RVCs at a high frequency.Meanwhile,they were able to encode motion components in standard grammatical devices and in typical syntactic constructions,thus presenting a relatively tight pattern of information distribution,as required in the target language.In stark contrast,second language learners of low and intermediate proficiencies failed to mater the lexicalization pattern of motion expressions in Chinese despite that they seemed to have acquired the internal structure of RVCs.Generally speaking,our results reveal that second language learning concerns more about the switch and reintegration of relevant concepts than about the mastery of grammatical knowledge.Varied factors exert an important impact on the progress and outcome of second language learning such as the typological distance between the source and the target language,the degree of complexity of grammatical concepts(lexicon vs.syntax)and language-specific features.

关 键 词：二语习得 运动事件类型学 词化模式 汉语复合动词 动词单极化 

分 类 号：H08[语言文字—语言学]