基于有限元的高速列车车轮多边形磨耗成因分析  

Formation of Polygonalization of the High-Speed Train Wheels Based on the Finite Element Method

作　　者：吴波文 刘婷 王晓翠 潘家保[1] 张荣芸[1] WU Bowen;LIU Ting;WANG Xiaocui;PAN Jiabao;ZHANG Rongyun(School of Mechanical Engineering,Anhui Polytechnic University,Anhui Wuhu 241000,China;School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering,Anhui Polytechnic University,Anhui Wuhu 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽工程大学机械工程学院,安徽芜湖241000 [2]安徽工程大学化学与环境工程学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《摩擦学学报》2022年第1期131-141,共11页Tribology

基　　金：安徽工程大学科研启动项目(2020YQQ033);安徽高校自然科学研究项目(KJ2020A0360);国家自然科学基金(51605003)和国家自然科学基金(52005004)资助。

摘　　要：研究了中国高速列车车轮多边形磨耗的形成原因,考虑轮对的旋转惯量,建立了高速列车轮对-轨道-盘式制动系统有限元模型.基于轮轨系统摩擦自激振动的理论,采用有限元复特征值分析法研究了高速列车制动时轮对-轨道-盘式制动系统的稳定性.研究了饱和的轮轨蠕滑力和盘式制动系统摩擦力耦合作用对车轮多边形磨耗的影响,并调查了轮轨-轨道-盘式制动系统的参数敏感性.数值模拟结果表明:在饱和的轮轨蠕滑力和盘式制动器摩擦力耦合作用下,轮轨系统的摩擦自激振动导致高速列车车轮多边形磨耗的产生,其导致的21~22阶和23~24阶车轮多边形磨耗占主导地位,这与中国高速列车高阶车轮多边形磨耗最为符合.饱和的轮轨蠕滑力主要影响较低阶车轮多边形磨耗,盘式制动器摩擦力主要影响较高阶车轮多边形磨耗.制动压力为13 kN时,车轮多边形磨耗形成的几率最小,发展速度最慢.过高或者过低的垂向悬挂力均不利于抑制车轮多边形磨耗.垂向悬挂力为75 kN时,车轮多边形磨耗形成的可能性最小,发展速度最慢.In recent decades,the high-speed railway in China has developed rapidly,and its operating mileage and speed rank first in the world.The high-speed railway traffic and transportation have greatly facilitated the travel of people and goods transport.However,serious wheel tread damage also comes with the increase of high-speed train operation speed and the expansion of operation scale.Wheel polygonalization is one of the most prominent tread damage problems at present.Wheel polygonalization will cause strong vibration of the vehicle-track system and annoying noise emission,which poses a potential threat to the safety of high-speed train operation and deteriorates the operation quality of the trains.High-order polygonal wear(14~24 order)is dominant on the wheel treads of high-speed trains in China,whose causes of formation are still unclear.When the train runs at high speed,the vibration caused by the high-order polygonal wear is particularly severe,which seriously affects the operation safety of high-speed trains and limits the further improvement of train speed.Therefore,it is very urgent to reveal the causes of high-order wheel polygonal wear and develop effective control measures.Considering the periodicity of wheel polygonal wear on wheel tread,it is most likely to be caused by some form of vibration.As an important vibration form of the wheel-rail system,frictional self-excited vibration may be a potential cause of wheel polygonal wear.When the frictional self-excited vibration of the wheelset-track system occurs,the wheel-rail normal contact force will oscillate,leading to the fluctuation of the wheel/rail friction power,which may eventually lead to the formation of wheel polygonal wear.The frictional self-excited vibration of the wheelset-track system may be induced by the saturated creep force between the wheel and rail or the friction between the brake disc and brake pad.When the high-speed train is braked by the disc brake system,the creepage between the wheel and rail will increases significantly,and the

关 键 词：摩擦自激振动 车轮多边形磨耗 高速列车 盘式制动器 饱和蠕滑力 

分 类 号：TH117.3[机械工程—机械设计及理论]