城市空间结构对城市热场的影响——以济南市夏季为例  

The influence of urban spatial structure on urban thermal field——a case study of Jinan in summer

作　　者：王俊凝 单宝艳 刘洋洋 张智璇 WANG Junning;SHAN Baoyan;LIU Yangyang;ZHANG Zhixuan(School of Surveying and Geo-Informatics,Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250101,China)

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学测绘地理信息学院,济南250101

出　　处：《地球环境学报》2022年第1期100-109,共10页Journal of Earth Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51608309);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(12YJA790019)。

摘　　要：建筑是城市空间结构的主要构成要素,其在空间上的立体拓展,不但改变着城市下垫面,也影响着城市空间的能量平衡和空气流动,进而对城市热场的分布产生影响。文章以济南市中心城区为研究区域,基于Landsat 8遥感影像数据,首先使用大气校正法反演城市地表温度,以此表示城市热场,并基于建筑、绿地和水体构建多维城市空间结构指标体系;然后运用相关分析和双变量空间自相关方法,基于不同空间尺度,研究城市空间结构指标对城市热场的影响。结果表明:(1)城市热场与大多数空间结构指标的相关性较为显著,不同研究尺度下,两者的相关性及空间相关性略有差异,尺度越小,相关性越显著。(2)城市空间结构指标中建筑密度、建筑基底面积总和、容积率、占空比和建筑体积总和这五项指标与地表温度的正相关性最为显著,空间正相关性也最显著,表明城市地表温度既受到本区域该五项指标的重要影响,也受到周边区域该五项指标的重要影响。(3)地表温度与DEM标准差、建筑平均绝对高度、DEM平均值、建筑绝对高度标准差和户外活动面积比这五项指标的负相关性最为显著,研究区高程是影响城市地表温度的重要指标。建筑的立体分布及在平面上的延伸直接影响城市热场,优化城市空间结构可以在一定程度上缓解城市热岛效应。Background,aim,and scope Architecture is the main component of urban spatial structure.Its three-dimensional expansion in space not only changes the underlying surface of the city,but also affects the energy balance and air flow of the urban space,thereby affecting the urban thermal field effect.This study mainly discusses the correlations between the surface temperature of Jinan and the urban spatial structure indicators.The central urban area of Jinan in summer was considered as the research area,and buildings were considered as the primary research objects to construct the urban spatial structure indicator system.Materials and methods This study used the atmospheric correction method to inverse Landsat 8 remote sensing image data,and the retrieved surface temperature was used to represent the urban thermal field.A multi-dimensional urban spatial structure index system was constructed based on buildings,green spaces,and water bodies.Following this,correlation analysis and bivariate spatial autocorrelation methods were used to study the impact of spatial structure indicators on urban thermal fields at different spatial scales.Results The results showed that:(1)The correlations between the urban thermal field and many of the spatial structure indicators were significant.At different research scales,there were certain differences in their correlations and spatial correlations.(2)The five urban spatial structure indicators,including building density,the summation of the base area of the foundation,plot ratio,duty cycle,and the summation of the building volume,had the most significant positive correlations and spatial positive correlations with surface temperature.(3)Surface temperature had the most significant negative correlations with five indicators:the standard deviation and the average of the digital elevation model(DEM)value,the building absolute height value and its standard deviation,and the outdoor activity area ratio.Discussion These results suggest that the urban surface temperature was not only affected

关 键 词：城市空间结构 城市热场 相关分析 双变量空间自相关 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TU984.113[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]