“实用”与“虚文”之间--清季民初新编尺牍教本源流考  

Between“Practical Use”and“Vain Text”:A Textual Research of the Newly Compiled Epistolary Guidebooks in the Late Qing Dynasty and Early Period of the Republic of China

作　　者：陆胤[1] Lu Yin(the Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言文学系,100871

出　　处：《文艺理论研究》2022年第1期84-95,共12页Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

基　　金：北京市社科基金重点项目(青年学术带头人项目)“近代文章学研究”[项目编号21DTR033]的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：晚清西学涌入,伴随着学堂教育和铅石印出版机构的繁兴,涌现了一批新编尺牍教本。先是在教科书体例和英文尺牍范本启发下,尺牍被新式文学教育接纳,成为蒙学读本和国文教科书的一部分;继而出现了专门的“尺牍教科书”,并带来了学生尺牍、女子尺牍、白话尺牍等新类型。这些新编教本无不将关注点放在尺牍程式的传授上。作为一种“应用文”,尺牍适应了近代以来日趋功利化的教育氛围,但伦常秩序与身份礼俗的震荡,也使尺牍程式在“实用”与“虚文”之间的张力逐渐凸显,最终导出了改良尺牍的方案。这一过程并非一蹴而就,旧程式与新内容、新语体,仍有一段共存时期。In pace with the influx of Western learning,school education,as well as typographic and lithographic printing agencies flourished,which resulted in a large number of newly compiled epistolary guidebooks in the late Qing dynasty.Informed by English letter-writers as well as the stylistic rules and layout of the newly introduced textbooks,the traditional epistolary genre was first embraced by the new-style literary education as part of children’s readers and textbooks.Since then,a particular kind of“epistolary textbooks”emerged,followed by a variety of primers introducing different types of epistolary writing such as students1 letter writing,women's letter writing and vernacular letter writing.All those newly compiled textbooks focused on teaching the forms of letter writing.As a form of“practical writing,”traditional epistolography fit well with utilitarian education that had gained greater momentum since the early modem times.However,the tension between“practical use”and“vain text”gradually manifested itself along with the collapse of moral order and etiquette,ending up with a reform of the traditional epistolary genre.Such a process was not accomplished overnight.For a certain period of time,the new content and style of epistolary writing coexisted with the old forms.

关 键 词：尺牍 尺牍教本 尺牍程式 尺牍改良 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学] K877.5[历史地理—中国史] G256[文化科学—图书馆学]