水氮耦合对黑土稻作产量与氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effect of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization in Black Soil

作　　者：秦子元 张忠学 孙迪[1,2] 宋健 张作合[3] 李铁成 QIN Ziyuan;ZHANG Zhongxue;SUN Di;SONG Jian;ZHANG Zuohe;LI Tiecheng(School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;College of Agriculture and Hydraulic Engineering,Suihua University,Suihua 152061,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]东北农业大学农业农村部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室,哈尔滨150030 [3]绥化学院农业与水利工程学院,绥化152061

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2021年第12期324-335,357,共13页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52079028、51779046)。

摘　　要：为探明不同水氮耦合模式下黑土区水稻产量形成和氮素吸收利用的规律,设置常规淹灌(F)、浅湿灌溉(W)和控制灌溉(C)3种灌溉模式,0、85、110、135 kg/hm^(2)(N0、N1、N2、N3)4个施氮量水平,共12个处理,研究不同水氮耦合模式对水稻干物质、产量、氮素吸收转运、水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明:常规淹灌和浅湿灌溉模式下,水稻地上部各器官干物质累积量随施氮量的增加而增大,而控制灌溉模式随施氮量的增加先增大后减小;水稻地上部不同器官氮素累积量随施氮量的增加而增大,相同施氮水平,控制灌溉模式的叶、茎鞘和穗氮素累积量较常规淹灌提高了27.80%~43.42%、18.32%~24.97%、13.85%~24.25%,较浅湿灌溉提高了0.96%~13.18%、10.73%~12.86%、10.53%~12.61%;3种灌溉模式下,水稻地上部干物质、氮素累积速率均随施氮量的增加而增大,且控制灌溉模式高于浅湿灌溉和常规淹灌模式,干物质、氮素累积始盛期随施氮量增加而提前;水稻植株平均氮素累积速率达到峰值时间比平均干物质累积速率达到峰值时间提前11.39 d;相较于常规淹灌和浅湿灌溉模式,控制灌溉模式更有利于提高水稻产量,其中CN2处理产量最大,为10272.57 kg/hm^(2);控制灌溉模式显著提升氮肥农学利用效率和氮肥偏生产力;相同灌溉模式下,叶、茎鞘氮素转运率以及穗部氮素转运贡献率随施氮量增加而减小。水稻产量与灌溉水分利用效率、水分生产效率、氮肥农学利用效率、百千克籽粒吸氮量之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与氮素籽粒生产效率之间呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。适宜水氮耦合模式可提高水稻产量和氮素吸收利用,综合考虑CN2处理为最佳水氮耦合模式。In order to find out the effects of different water and nitrogen coupling models on rice yield formation and nitrogen absorption and utilization in black soil area,three irrigation models,i.e.,conventional flooded irrigation(F),shallow wet irrigation(W)and controlled irrigation(C),and four nitrogen application levels,i.e.,0 kg/hm^(2),85 kg/hm^(2),110 kg/hm^(2)and 135 kg/hm^(2)(N0,N1,N2,N3),were set up in the experiment.The effects of different water and nitrogen coupling models on dry matter,yield,nitrogen uptake and transport,water and nitrogen use efficiency of rice were studied.The results showed that under conventional flooded irrigation and shallow wet irrigation,dry matter accumulation was increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,while under controlled irrigation,dry matter accumulation was firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.The nitrogen accumulation in different organs of rice shoot was increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.With the same nitrogen application level,the nitrogen accumulation in leaves,stem sheaths,and panicle of the controlled irrigation mode was increased by 27.80%~43.42%,18.32%~24.97%and 13.85%~24.25%compared with conventional flooded irrigation,which was increased by 0.96%~13.18%,10.73%~12.86%and 10.53%~12.61%compared with shallow wet irrigation.Under the three irrigation modes,the dry matter and nitrogen accumulation rates of rice shoot were increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,and the controlled irrigation mode was higher than shallow wet irrigation and conventional flooded irrigation mode,and the initial peak of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation was advanced with the increase of nitrogen application rate.The peak time of the average nitrogen accumulation rate was 11.39 d earlier than that of the average dry matter accumulation rate.Compared with conventional flooded irrigation and shallow wet irrigation,controlled irrigation was more beneficial to increase rice yield,and CN2 treat

关 键 词：水稻 黑土区 水氮耦合 产量 氮素吸收利用 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S143