黄河口邻近海域浮游幼虫群落结构季节变化  

Seasonal variations of the planktonic larvae community in the Huanghe River Estuary adjacent waters

作　　者：左涛[1,2] 李永涛 左明 程兆龙 王俊 王安东[4] Zuo Tao;Li Yongtao;Zuo Ming;Chen Zhaolong;Wang Jun;Wang Andong(Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Marine Ecology and Envir-onmental Science Laboratory,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,China;Mar-ine Development Research Institute,Dongying 257091,China;Shandong Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve Management Com-mittee,Dongying 257091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [3]东营市海洋发展研究院,山东东营257091 [4]山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区管理委员会,山东东营257091

出　　处：《海洋学报》2022年第4期47-56,共10页

基　　金：科技部国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0901202);青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室青年人才培育项目(LMEES-YTSP-2018-04-03);中国海油海洋环境与生态保护公益基金(CF-MEEC/TR/2018-06)。

摘　　要：基于2019-2020年4个季节的6个航次海上生态调查,研究黄河口邻近海域的浮游幼虫群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,旨在为海域生物多样性保护与重要生物资源养护提供科学基础。结果显示:在黄河口邻近海域,共鉴定出浮游幼虫16类,阶段性浮游幼虫是主要组成类群。浮游幼虫月均丰度以11月最高、1月最低。浮游幼虫香农-威纳多样性指数(H’)夏季(6-8月)高和秋冬季(11月至翌年1月)低。双壳类幼虫和无节幼虫是海区各季节的优势种及浮游幼虫总丰度的主要贡献者,腹足类幼虫、多毛类幼虫以及耳状幼虫、桡足幼虫等是季节性出现的优势种。春-夏间优势种组成更替率高。相对高丰度浮游幼虫主要分布于黄河口入海口附近、小清河口及莱州湾中部。基于浮游幼虫类群丰度组成的聚类分析,可将调查月和站位各分为3个不同的聚类组。月聚类组分别为春季(4月)、夏秋季(6-11月)和冬季(1月),春季、冬季聚类组的代表类群是无节幼虫,夏秋季聚类组的代表类群是双壳幼虫。3个站位聚类组的组成站位的地理分布交错,代表类群都为双壳类幼虫和无节幼虫。多元方差(MANOVA)和相似性分析(ANOSIM)检验显示,海区内浮游幼虫的多样性指数、丰度、群聚结构等都表现为月间差异显著(p<0.05),站位间差异不显著(p>0.05)。生物-环境逐步多重回归分析表明,影响浮游幼虫群聚结构的最佳环境因子组合为水温和浮游动物丰度。Planktonic larvae are the necessary stages during the growth and development of many fishery species,such as shellfish,benthic fish,polychaete in the Huanghe River Estuary adjacent waters.Seasonal studies on the planktonic larvae community were carried out for biodiversity and bio-resource protection researches in the region.The larvae samples were collected from the vertical hauling of a mesh size 0.160 mm plankton net onboarding of six cruises during April 2019,June 2019,and August 2019,November 2019,January and April 2020 in the sea.Of the 16 planktonic larvae identified,87% groups were meroplankton.The community diversity index(H’) showed higher in June and August than in November and January.For the study region,the dominant organisms of planktonic larvae were bivalve larvae,nauplii,gastropoda larvae,polychaeta larvae,copepodite larvae,auricularia larvae.But the composition of dominant species varied with seasons,with the highest seasonal turnover rate(67%) from April to June,only bivalve larvae and nauplii dominated the planktonic larvae community for all seasons.Total planktonic larvae abundance reached the highest in November,the lowest in January.The planktonic larvae had their high abundance mostly near the estuaries of the Huanghe River and the Xiaoqinghe River,and in the middle part of Laizhou Bay.By cluster analysis,three assemblages of communities were differentiated based on the family compositions and their abundance at each station of six surveyed months.The representative species for monthly cluster groups were nauplii for spring(April) and winter(January) groups,bivalve larvae for summer-autumn(June to November) group.The station cluster groups overlapped geographically with the same representative species(bivalve larvae and nauplii).From statistical analysis of MANOVA and ANOSIM,biodiversity index,abundance,similarity among cluster groups presented significantly different among measured months,but stations,suggesting a seasonal variation for planktonic larvae community.Bio-environment multip

关 键 词：浮游幼虫 群落结构 黄河口 

分 类 号：Q145.2[生物学—生态学] Q178.53[生物学—普通生物学]