激光技术在眼科的应用现状与进展  

Current Application and Progress of Laser Technology in Ophthalmology

作　　者：黎黎[1] 张悦[1] 李萌茜 张真 党宇飞 杨延龙[2] Li Li;Zhang Yue;Li Mengxi;Zhang Zhen;Dang Yufei;Yang Yanlong(Department of Ophthalmology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710061,China;The State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics,Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学第一附属医院眼科,陕西西安710061 [2]中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所瞬态光学与光子技术国家重点实验室,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《中国激光》2022年第5期39-55,共17页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划(2020ZDLSF02-06)。

摘　　要：眼球是机体的视觉器官,同时也是一个良好的光学模型,因此激光技术在眼科得到了广泛的临床应用,覆盖了几乎眼部各个亚专业疾病的诊断与治疗。目前,激光在眼部的应用主要借助其高空间分辨率、高空间定位精度,以及激光的热效应、光化学效应、光爆破效应、光切割效应和生物调节作用等实现。本文综述了激光在眼科各领域的应用现状,并结合激光技术本身的不断发展,总结了激光技术在眼科的临床应用进展及未来可能的突破点。Significance Recently,laser technology has made great progress,particularly its clinical application in ophthalmology,from the diagnosis and treatment to the surgery of various eye diseases.While these wide applications or emerging technologies have shown effective and safe results,there are still difficulties and challenges to overcome.Therefore,it is necessary to review the current application and progress of laser technology in ophthalmology,through which we can get inspired and further advance and optimize laser technology and its application in the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases.The eye consists of the eyeball and its appendages(eyelid,orbit,conjunctiva,lacrimal apparatus,and extraocular muscle).The application of laser in ocular appendage is similar to that of laser in dermatology,which produces a transient high temperature and vaporizes the tissue for treatment.Meanwhile,the eyeball,the optical component of the eye,features the application of laser in ophthalmology.The special structure of the eyeball makes it an optimal model for laser technology applications.The eyeball is composed of the ocular wall and the contents inside it.From the outermost part,the ocular wall includes the outer cornea and sclera,the middle uvea,which is rich in its vascular network,and the inner retina,where the photoreceptor cells reside.From front to back,eye contents include aqueous humor,lens,and vitreous body.The cornea,as well as all three eye contents,constitutes the refractive system of the eyeball.The normal visual function of the eye requires a transparent refractive system and a well-functioning chorioretinal vascular system.Therefore,the application of laser technologies is mainly focused on the diagnosis and treatment of two abovementioned components(the refractive and chorioretinal vascular systems),which is also the main topic of this paper.Different laser-tissue interaction mechanisms are exploited in laser-based ophthalmology instruments,including photodisruption,photocoagulation,and photochemical.The app

关 键 词：激光技术 眼科激光应用 光爆破效应 光切割效应 光热效应 光化学效应 光生物调节效应 

分 类 号：R779.63[医药卫生—眼科] TN2249[医药卫生—临床医学]