辽宁省食品中产气荚膜梭菌的污染状况与基因特征  

Contamination status and genetic characteristics of Clostridium perfringens in food in Liaoning Province

作　　者：耿英芝[1] 于淼[1] 张铭琰 张眉眉[1] GENG Yingzhi;YU Miao;ZHANG Mingyan;ZHANG Meimei(Liaoning Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Liaoning Shenyang 110005,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省疾病预防控制中心,辽宁沈阳110005

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2022年第1期81-86,共6页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

基　　金：辽宁省自然基金指导计划(2019-ZD-1089)。

摘　　要：目的了解辽宁省食品中产气荚膜梭菌污染状况、血清型及毒素基因携带特征。方法在辽宁省6个市采集生畜肉和冷冻鱼糜制品样品260份,依据GB 4789.13—2012方法进行产气荚膜梭菌检测,同时采用生化和荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法进行菌种鉴定;提取菌体DNA,采用PCR方法进行毒素基因分型检测;并针对16S rRNA基因序列进行进化树分析。结果260份不同食品样品中检出15株产气荚膜梭菌,总检出率为5.8%,其中生羊肉检出率最高,为29.0%(9/31)。所有菌株均检出α毒素,其中仅检出α毒素的菌株占66.7%(10/15),为A型产气荚膜梭菌;同时检出α毒素和β毒素菌株占33.3%(5/15),为C型菌株。总计6株菌检出β_(2)毒素,包括4株A型菌和2株C型菌;肠毒素CPE基因的检出率为6.7%(1/15);16S rRNA进化分析得出携带同一毒素基因的菌株遗传关系较近。结论辽宁省生畜肉和冷冻鱼糜制品中均检出产气荚膜梭菌,其中生畜肉污染较严重,且主要为A型菌和C型菌,引起食物中毒风险高,对食品安全构成潜在的威胁,应加强监测与防控。Objective To understand the contamination status,serotype and toxin genes characteristics of Clostridium perfringens(C.perfringens)in food samples in Liaoning Province.Methods A total of 260 samples of raw meat and frozen surimi products were collected from 6 cities in Liaoning Province.The samples were tested for C.perfringens according to the national food safety standard GB 4789.13—2012.At the same time,the C.perfringens strains were identified by biochemical and fluorescent quantitative PCR method.Genotyping of toxin gene was detected by PCR method,and phylogenetic tree analysis was carried out for 16 S rRNA gene sequence.Results A total of 15 C.perfringens strains were detected and the total detection rate was 5.8%in 260 food samples.The highest detection rate was 29%(9/31)in raw mutton.The result of toxin test showed that all strains detectedαtoxin.The detection rate of type A strains(αtoxin)was 66.7%(10/15).The detection rate of type C strains(αtoxin andβtoxin)was 33.3%(5/15).There were 6 strains detectedβ_(2) toxin,including 4 strains of type A and 2 strains of type C.The detection rate of enterotoxin CPE was 6.7%(1/15).The 16 S rRNA analysis showed that the genetic relationship of the strains carrying the same toxin gene was close.Conclusion C.perfringens strains were detected in raw animal meat and frozen surimi products in Liaoning Province,and the pollution of raw animal meat was serious.Moreover,there was a high risk of food poisoning mainly posed by type A and type C strains.Therefore,monitoring,prevention and control should be strengthened.

关 键 词：产气荚膜梭菌 基因分型 Α毒素 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]