唐山市两次爆发性重污染天气过程对比分析  

Comparative Analysis of Two Explosive Heavy Pollution Weather Processes in Tangshan

作　　者：王秀玲[1,2] 王冠 张晓东[1,2] 吴光辉 王海山[1,2] WANG Xiuling;WANG Guan;ZHANG Xiaodong;WU Guanghui;WANG Haishan(Tangshan Meteorological Bureau,Tangshan 063000,Hebei China;Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Eco-environmet,Shijiazhuang 050021,China;Hebei Xianhe Environmental Protection Technology Co.Ltd.,Shijiazhuang 050035,China)

机构地区：[1]唐山市气象局,河北唐山063000 [2]河北省气象与生态环境重点实验室,石家庄050021 [3]河北先河环保科技股份有限公司,石家庄050035

出　　处：《河南科学》2022年第3期427-432,共6页Henan Science

基　　金：河北省气象局科研开发面上项目(21ky18);唐山市气象局科研项目(TS21ky02)。

摘　　要：为了探究唐山市爆发性重污染天气过程生消、维持的机理,利用逐时气象资料和空气质量等多源数据对唐山市“20160207”和“20170211”两次重污染天气过程特征和成因进行对比分析,结果表明:(1)在污染形成阶段,两次过程500 hPa为西北气流,850 h Pa和925 hPa为暖脊.但是,“20160207”过程地面处于干槽中;“20170211”过程处于高压前部弱气压场中.“20160207”过程近地层以上整层大气弱下沉,有利于对低层大气压缩;“20170211”过程大气处于静稳状态.“20160207”过程风速大、湿度小、混合层高度高、静稳指数小,不利于形成重污染天气,在燃放烟花高排放下形成;“20170211”过程风速小、湿度大、混合层高度低、静稳指数大,利于形成重污染天气,同时叠加燃放烟花高排放下形成.(2)在污染维持阶段,两次过程都具有小风、静稳指数大的特征.“20160207”过程上升运动在800~300 hPa,低层维持弱的下沉运动,只能减轻污染,不能清除;“20170211”过程800 hPa以下维持弱上升下沉运动.两次较强高空下沉运动都没能到达地面,反而加重了污染.(3)在污染消散阶段,“20160207”过程是在强下沉运动作用下,高空清洁气团置换了地面污染气团,并在清洁的西北风作用下被清除;“20170211”过程则是在强上升运动打破静稳天气形势,在地面清洁的东北风作用下被清除.In order to explore the possible influence mechanism of explosive heavy pollution weather process in Tangshan City,the characteristics and causes of the two heavy pollution weather processes of“20160207”and“20170211”in Tangshan City were compared and analyzed by using hourly surface meteorological observations data and air quality data. The results are as follows.(1)In the formation stages of the two heavy pollution weathers,the 500 h Pa is northwest airflow,850 h Pa and 925 h Pa are both warm ridges. On the ground map,the“20160207”process is in dry trough,and the“20170211”process is in weak gas pressure field in front of high pressure. In terms of vertical velocity,the whole atmosphere in the process of“20160207”is sinking motion,which is conducive to the compression of the lower atmosphere,and the atmosphere of the“20170211”process is in a static and stable state. The“20160207”process has high wind speed,low humidity,high mixing layer height and small static stability index,which is not conducive to the formation of heavy pollution. The“20170211”process has low wind speed,high humidity,low mixing layer height and large static stability index,which is conducive to the formation of heavy pollution. Meanwhile,both of the two heavy pollution weathers are formed under the circumstance of high emission from setting off fireworks.(2)In the maintenance stages of the two heavy pollution weathers,there are characteristics of small wind and large static stability index. During the“20160207”process,the ascending motion of the atmosphere is between 800-300 h Pa,and the lower layer maintains a weak sinking movement,which can only reduce the pollution,but not remove it. During the“20170211”process,the rising and sinking movement of the atmosphere is weak below 800 h Pa. Two strong highaltitude subsidence movements fail to reach the ground,but aggravate the pollution.(3)In the dissipating stage of the two heavy pollution weathers,the“20160207”process is cleared under the action of cl

关 键 词：爆发性 重污染天气 对比分析 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]