六书“转注”探赜  

Research on Zhuanzhu of Liushu

作　　者：马秀月 孔德琴 MA Xiuyue;KONG Deqin

机构地区：[1]淮南师范学院文学与传播学院,安徽淮南232038

出　　处：《淮南师范学院学报》2022年第2期90-95,共6页Journal of Huainan Normal University

基　　金：安徽省重点教学研究项目“古代汉语文化观照教学方法研究”(2020jyxm1745);安徽省教育厅人文社科重点项目“出土文献《论语》研究”(sk2016A0849)。

摘　　要：“六书”是古人总结的六种造字方法,“转注”是“六书”之一种。东汉许慎给“六书”下了定义后,关于“六书”中“象形、指事、会意、形声、假借”的定义皆无争议,但是对“转注”的争议不断。原因主要在于许慎对于“转注”除了定义中举了“考”“老”两个例字,《说文解字》正文中没有一个字分析为转注。文章在总结前人关于转注研究的基础上,通过分析许慎的八字定义以及所举例字,阐述了许慎转注的涵义,并提出了对许慎转注定义的质疑以及个人的转注观。文章认为转注是根据义类确立一个首字为字根,创造同义或者意义相通的新字就拿这个字根作为基础,添加新的部件,这种造字方法就叫转注;转注字就是亦声字。Liushu are six methods of creating Chinese words summarized by the ancients.Zhuanzhu is one of them.Then Eastern Han Dynasty's Xu Shen gave definitions for Liushu in Shuowenjiezi.After Xu Shen,there were no different opinions about Xiangxing,Zhishi,Huiyi,Xingsheng,Jiajie,but there were a lot of controversies about Zhuanzhu.The main reason lies in the fact that Xu Shen offered two examples of"kao"and"Lao"in the definition of"Zhuanzhu",but not a single word in the text of Shuowenjiezi was analyzed as"Zhuanzhu".On the basis of summarizing the predecessors'researches and through the analysis of the eight words of Xu Shen definition as well as the example,this paper challenges the definition by Xu Shen and provided personal views of"Zhuanzhu".It points out that"Zhuanzhu"is to establish a word as the root according to meaning,and to create a new word including the same meaning as the root with adding new parts.This method of character formation is"Zhuanzhu".Zhuanzhu characters are also known as Yisheng characters.

关 键 词：六书 转注 造字方法 亦声字 

分 类 号：H109.2[语言文字—汉语]