黑龙江省不同生态区秸秆还田模式对土壤指标及玉米生长的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning Mode on Soil Indexes and Maize Growth in Different Ecological Areas of Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：徐莹莹[1] 王宇先[1] 刘玉涛[1] 杨慧莹[1] 高盼[1] 王晨 谭可菲[1] 徐婷[1] XU Ying-ying;WANG Yu-xian;LIU Yu-tao;YANG Hui-ying;GAO Pan;WANG Chen;TAN Ke-fei;XU Ting(Qiqihar Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161006,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2022年第4期1-7,共7页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2020C003);黑龙江省科技计划省院科技合作项目(YS20B09);齐齐哈尔市科技计划创新激励项目(CNYGG2021024,CNYGG2021026)。

摘　　要：为改善土壤耕层结构,促进作物生长及农业可持续发展,针对黑龙江省不同种植生态区特点,选用不同秸秆全量还田耕作模式,对不同模式下的土壤含水率、温度和玉米生长及产量等指标进行分析。结果表明:秸秆还田对土壤增温或降温的双重效应受不同生态区和生育时期的影响。湿润区,与不还田(CK)相比,秸秆翻埋还田下的土壤含水率增加,但未达到显著差异水平,对植株生长指标的影响主要体现在苗期和拔节期,最终产量较CK增加4.2%。半湿润区,各时期土壤含水率均表现为秸秆覆盖还田最高,与CK相比,秸秆碎混还田、秸秆翻埋还田和秸秆覆盖还田产量分别提高4.7%、4.2%和0.6%。半干旱区,秸秆覆盖还田和两免一松还田对土壤搅动小,土壤含水率相对较高。整个生育期,两免一松的地上部干重始终大于其他处理。产量表现为两免一松还田>秸秆碎混还田>秸秆翻埋还田>秸秆覆盖还田>CK,分别较CK增产8.1%、7.7%、7.2%和1.8%。综上来看,湿润区翻埋还田利于增产,半湿润区和半干旱区分别采取碎混和两免一松还田增产效果更佳。According to the characteristics of different planting ecological areas in Heilongjiang Province,different straw returning tillage modes were selected to analyze and discuss the indexes,such as soil moisture content,temperature,corn growth and yield under different modes.The results showed that dual effect of straw returning on soil temperature increasing or decreasing was affected by different ecological regions and different growth stages.Additionally,in the humid area,the soil moisture content under straw burying returning increased compared with that without straw returning to the field,but did not reach the significant difference level.The impact on the plant was mainly reflected in the seedling stage and jointing stage,and the final yield increased by 4.2%.In the semi-humid area,the soil moisture content of straw mulching was the highest in each growth period.Compared with CK,the yields of straw crushing and mixing,straw burying and straw mulching were increased by 4.7%,4.2%and 0.6%,respectively.In the semi-arid area,straw mulching,no tillage for two years and subsoiling for one year with straw returning had little effect on soil agitation and maintained relatively high soil moisture content.In the whole growth period,the aboveground dry weight of no tillage for two years and subsoiling for one year with straw returning were always greater than that of other treatments.The yield performance was as follows:No tillage for two years and subsoiling for one year with straw returning>straw crushing and mixing returning>straw burying returning>straw mulching>CK,which increased by 8.1%,7.7%,7.2%and 1.8%respectively compared with CK.To sum up,it is beneficial to increase production by straw burying returning in humid area,while the mode of straw crushing and mixing returning,no tillage for two years and subsoiling for one year with straw returning is more suitable to improve yield in semi humid and semi-arid areas,respectively.

关 键 词：种植生态区 秸秆全量还田模式 土壤含水率 玉米产量 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]