A类泡沫灭火剂的水生生物毒性试验研究  

Experimental study on aquatic biotoxicity of class A foam extinguishing agent

作　　者：张宪忠 柯鑫 赵婷婷 包志明 ZHANG Xian-zhong;KE Xin;ZHAO Ting-ting;BAO Zhi-ming(Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM,Tianjin 300381,China)

机构地区：[1]应急管理部天津消防研究所灭火剂研究室,天津300381 [2]应急管理部天津消防研究所,天津300381

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2022年第4期516-519,共4页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：应急管理部消防标准制修订项目(2020-XF-001);应急管理部天津消防研究所基科费项目(2021SJ13)。

摘　　要：A类泡沫灭火剂的灭火效能已经得到了广泛认可,然而随着环保意识的日益提高,A类泡沫灭火剂使用后对环境的潜在影响引发了关注。评估国内A类泡沫灭火剂浓缩液和溶液的鱼急性毒性,通过实验室研究,确定了12种A类泡沫灭火剂的急性毒性。选择斑马鱼(短马鱼)作为测试生物,计算并报告了半数致死浓度(LC50)。研究对比了国内外A类泡沫灭火剂产品的鱼急性毒性数据差异,分析了A类泡沫灭火剂原液和泡沫溶液的排放对水生态环境的影响。研究结果表明,国内12种市售A类泡沫灭火剂对斑马鱼的96 h LC50值为12.85~121.42 mg/L,鱼急性毒性值显著高于水成膜泡沫灭火剂(AFFF)产品(232.57~6 003.25 mg/L)。其中润湿剂具有高毒性,是影响A类泡沫灭火剂毒性大小的最主要组分,而抗冻剂则对A类泡沫灭火剂的急性毒性基本无影响。国内外A类泡沫灭火剂产品的96 h LC50值均集中在10~100 mg/L,鱼急性毒性大小基本一致,所测试样品的96 h LC50数据全部符合NFPA 1150、USDA 5100-307b等相关标准中对A类泡沫灭火剂的鱼急性毒性限值要求。A类泡沫灭火剂原液的水生生物毒性远高于其他灭火剂产品,按照国家生态环境部新化学物质危害评估准则中的危害分级标准,A类泡沫灭火剂原液属于中高毒性物质,进入环境中后会造成水生生物死亡。因此,A类泡沫灭火剂原液的水生生物毒性需要引起关注和重视。建议在A类泡沫灭火剂原液的运输、储存、输转过程中谨慎操作,避免原液泄漏后对自然生物造成毒害。A类泡沫灭火剂在与水按0.1%~1%的混合比混合,并被进一步稀释后,其泡沫溶液的水生生物毒性相对较低,但也会存在潜在的毒性影响,应尽量减少不必要的泡沫施放,并收集灭火后的泡沫灭火剂进行生化处理后再排放,以降低A类泡沫灭火剂使用后的环境风险。未来应开展环保型A类泡沫灭火剂产品研发,通过配The fine extinguishing capability of class A foam extinguishing agents are rapidly gaining acceptance. However,with the increasing environmental awareness, recent concern has focused on the potential adverse environmental impact of class A foam discharges. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of class A foam concentrates and solutions used in China. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the acute toxicity of twelve class A foam extinguishing agents.The organism tested was zebrafish(Brachydanio rerio), and the median lethal concentration(LC50) was calculated and reported.The acute fish toxicity data of Class A foam extinguishing agents both in China and other countries were compared, and the effects of the discharge of class A foam concentrates and solutions on aquatic ecological environment were analyzed. The test results indicate that the 96 h LC50values of twelve class A foams in China on zebrafish are at the range of 12.85~121.42mg/L. The acute fish toxicity of Class A foam is significantly higher than that of aqueous film-forming foam(AFFF)(232.57~6 003.25 mg/L). Wetting agents are highly toxic, and they are the most important components affecting the toxicity of Class A foam extinguishing agents, while antifreeze has little influence on the acute toxicity. The acute toxicity values of class A foam both in China and other countries are at the same level, which are mainly within 10~100 mg/L. The 96 h LC50values of samples meet the acute toxicity limit requirements for class A foam extinguishing agent in NFPA 1150, USDA 5100-307b and other relevant specifications and standards. The concentrate of class A foam extinguishing agent has higher aquatic toxicity than other types of extinguishing agents. According to the guidelines for the hazard evaluation of new chemical substances, it is classified as medium to high toxic substances, and may cause the death of aquatic organisms. So it needs to pay attention to the aquatic toxicity of the concentrate of class A foam. It is advised to ope

关 键 词：A类泡沫灭火剂 斑马鱼 急性毒性 半数致死浓度 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TQ569[化学工程—炸药化工]