马克思主义与西方学者关于贫困成因的理论——兼论“四元贫困主因论”  

Theories on the Causes of Poverty in Marxism and Other Western Scholars:Establishing a Quaternary Theory on the Main Causes of Poverty

作　　者：程恩富[1] 张杨 CHENG Enfu;ZHANG Yang(Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100732,China;School of Marxism,Peking University,Beijing 100080,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学学术委员会,北京100732 [2]北京大学马克思主义学院,北京100080

出　　处：《辽宁大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第5期1-10,F0002,共11页Journal of Liaoning University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“改革开放以来中国发展道路的政治经济学理论创新与历史经验研究”(20&ZD052);北京高校中国特色社会主义理论研究协同创新中心(中国政法大学)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：文章首先阐述马克思主义关于资本主义社会贫困成因的研究,认为撇开自然条件、发展水平等因素以外,马克思主义形成了“一主多辅”的分析体系,即“产权因素为主体,分配、法策、教育、战争、疾病五因素为辅体”这一贫困成因理论体系。其次评析班纳吉和迪弗洛对贫穷成因的认识,指出其代表作《贫穷的本质》只是分析贫困的表象和细节问题而非本质问题。最后在比较研究的基础上,依据中外反贫困的实践及其效果,提出撇开自然灾害和战争等一般具有暂时性的各种灾难,可以确立“科技、制度、法策、个体”的“四元贫困主因论”。First of all,Marxist research on the causes of poverty in capitalist societies is presented,and it is argued that Marxism has developed an analytical system with“one main factor and many supplementary factors”.The main factor is property rights,and the five supplementary factors are distribution,law and policy,education,war,and disease.This is a theoretical system of causes of poverty.Secondly,Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo’s understanding of the causes of poverty is analyzed and it is pointed out that The Nature of Poverty,as their representative work,only analyzes the appearance and details of poverty rather than its essence.Finally,on the basis of comparative studies and anti-poverty practices and their effects in China and abroad,it is suggested that a“quaternary theory of the main causes of poverty”can be established,which consists of the factors of“science and technology,system,legal policy,and individual”,leaving aside natural disasters and wars,which are normally temporary in nature.

关 键 词：贫困成因 政治经济学贫困理论 西方贫困理论 

分 类 号：G633.23[文化科学—教育学] F034[经济管理—政治经济学]